Table 4.
Association between BCG vaccination and T1D.
| Authors | Type of Study | Association between BCG Vaccination and T1D | Type of Association | Immunologic Modifications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hummel et al. [17] | Prospective Cohort | No | Not Preventive | Islet cell antibodies ↑ |
| Hupmann et al. [18] | Prospective Cohort (Brief Report) | No | Not Preventive (Even may accelerate the progression from autoimmunity to T1D) | Islet cell antibodies (ICAs) = Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (anti-GAD antibodies) = Insulinoma-associated protein-2 = |
| Rousseau et al. [10] | Retrospective Cohort | No | Not Preventive | NA |
| Corsenac et al. [9] | Prospective Cohort | No | Not Preventive | NA |
| Corsenac et al. [19] | Prospective Cohort | Yes | Preventive after 30 years old and in individuals who were vaccinated before 1 year of age (no association was found before 30 years old, but vaccinated subjects had a lower risk of this phenotype after age 30) | NA |
NA: Not available; The use of “=” means not changed.