Table 3.
In vivo studies evaluating effects of probiotics on poultry’s health (nd—not determined; na—not applicable).
| Probiotic | Microorganisms | Target (Gram) | Dosage (CFU—Colony-Forming Unit) | Effect | Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FM-B11® | Lactobacillus spp. | - | 106 CFU/mL via drinking water | Significant reduction in mortality and increase in broiler chick performance | [132] |
| FM-B11® | Eleven lactic acid bacterial isolates | S. Enteritidis (−) | Oral doses of 104,106 and 108 CFU/bird | Possible reduction in Salmonella Enteritidis in neonatal chicks. | [133] |
| FM-B11® | Lactobacillus spp. | S. Enteritidis (−) | 4 × 106 CFU/mL via oral gavage | Significant reductions in the concentrations of S. Enteritidis within the ceca, and the timing of FM-B11® treatment affects S. Enteritidis-associated reductions | [135] |
| - | Bacillus spp. | S. Typhimurium (−) | Directly fed microbials at 106 spores/g of feed |
Significantly lower cecal S. Typhimurium load and increased performance |
[134] |
| Gallipro® | B. subtilis | S. Enteritidis (−) | 0.02% probiotic of diet supplementation | No significant effect at non-contaminated environment, showing a greater efficacy at a pathogen contaminated environment and improving immune response of infected chickens | [136] |
| - |
E. faecium PXN33 Ligilactobacillus salivarius (ex Lactobacillus salivarius [131]) 59 |
S. Enteritidis (−) | Oral gavage with 1 × 109 CFU of probiotics | Prevention of S. Enteritidis colonization of poultry | [137] |
| - | Bacillus spp. | S. Typhimurium (−) | na | Reinstatement of the microbial genera displaced by S. Typhimurium challenge | [138] |
| - | Bacillus spp. | S. Enteritidis (−) | Feed supplemented in concentration of 454 g/ton | Reduction in the load of Salmonella in the ceca. | [139] |
| - | B. subtilis CSL2 | Salmonella (−) | Feed supplemented in concentration of 1.0 × 107 CFU/g of feed | Modulation in the microbiota, potentially protecting against S. Gallinarum infection | [140] |
| - | L. salivarius | S. Pullorum (−) | Feed supplemented in concentrations of 107, 108 and 109 CFU/kg of feed | Enhancement in S. Pullorum infection resistance in broilers challenged with Aflatoxin B1 | [141] |
| PrimaLac (Star Labs, St. Joseph, MO, USA) | Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium thermophilus and Enterococcus faecium | C. jejuni (−) | Minimum of 1.04 × 108 CFU/g |
Reduction in the presence of C. jejuni, but no significant effect on the growth performance of broilers | [142] |
| - | Lactobacillus plantarum PCS 20 and Bifidobacterium longum PCB 133 | C. jejuni (−) | Oral gavages in concentration of 108 CFU for 15 days | B. longum PCB 133 led to significant reduction in C. jejuni concentration in poultry feces. | [143] |
| - | Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 | C. jejuni (−) | Oral gavages in concentration of 1 × 108 CFU CFU for 14 days | Significant reduction in cecum colonization by C. jejuni at 14 days after infection. | [144] |
| - | Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 | C. jejuni (−) | na | Significant reduction in cecum colonization by C. jejuni. | [145] |
| - |
Bacillus spp. L. salivarus subsp. salivarius L. salivarus subsp. salicinus |
Campylobacter(−) | na | These strains had significantly reduced C. jejuni counts at 14 days after infection. | [146] |