Table 2(b).

Multivariable Cox model for outcome of histological change (i.e. from LC to CC or mixed histology and from CC to LC or mixed histology). ^a

Term	HR	HR 95% lower	HR 95% upper	p Value
Former smoking versus never smoker	0.970	0.573	1.642	0.910
Current smoking versus never smoker	0.836	0.397	1.761	0.638
Age at diagnosis	1.015	0.994	1.037	0.158
Male versus female	1.099	0.606	1.995	0.755
NSAID use	1.051	0.598	1.847	0.864
Aspirin use	0.764	0.430	1.358	0.358
PPI use	1.161	0.675	1.997	0.590
Statin use	0.609	0.329	1.127	0.114
Histamine-2 antagonist use	0.534	0.071	3.999	0.541
Antipsychotic medication use	0.846	0.471	1.517	0.574
Budesonide treatment	1.398	0.744	2.607	0.300
Prednisone treatment	2.475	0.938	6.527	0.067
Imodium treatment	1.295	0.720	2.321	0.388
Mesalamine treatment	0.930	0.474	1.826	0.833
Bismuth treatment	1.339	0.822	2.183	0.241
Other treatment options	0.986	0.461	2.110	0.971
Presence of symptoms	2.283	0.501	10.396	0.286
CC versus LC	0.245	0.141	0.426	<0.001

^aIndex biopsies with mixed MC findings were not included in the analysis, and only assessments with a definitive diagnosis of CC or LC were considered as the index diagnosis. Mixed MC findings were only included if found after an index biopsy.

CC, collagenous colitis; HR, hazard ratio; LC, lymphocytic colitis; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPI, proton-pump inhibitor.