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. 2023 Apr 13;6:e45616. doi: 10.2196/45616

Table 1.

Family baseline characteristics.


Mothers (N=24) Family members (N=24)
Age (years), mean (SD) 32.79 (3.08) 34.13 (4.84)
Race, n (%)

Asian 2 (8) 0 (0)

More than one race 1 (4) 1 (4)

White 21 (88) 23 (96)
Highest level of education, n (%)

High school diploma or General Educational Diploma 1 (4) 2 (8)

College degree 8 (33) 11 (46)

Graduate school degree 15 (63) 11 (46)
Employed, n (%) 18 (75) 22 (92)
Family conflict scorea, mean 55.8 54.4
Maternal depression scoreb, mean (SD) 20 (7.62) N/Ac
Maternal anxiety scored, mean (SD) 43.63 (7.37) N/A

aPerceived Hostility Survey Ages 18+ (PHS) [56] uncorrected T-Score from the NIH Toolbox Raw Score to T-Score Conversion Table.

bBeck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) scores of 20-28 indicate moderate depressive symptoms [43].

cN/A: not applicable.

dState-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Anxiety (STAI-S) [44] scale scores of at least 38 indicate clinically significant anxiety [50].