Table 2.

The qualitative papers identified, therapeutic area, study participants, and trial population.

Paper	Authors and publication date	Therapeutic area and type of trial conducted	Study participants	Qualitative method	Trial population
Best Practice Guidance for the Use of Strategies to Improve Retention in Randomised Trials: Results From Two Consensus Development Workshops	Brueton et al [70], 2017	—a	UK clinical trials units, statisticians, clinicians, RCTb coordinators, research scientists, research assistants, and data managers associated with RCTs participated	Workshop	—
Community Health Worker Perspectives on Recruitment and Retention of Recent Immigrant Women in a Randomized Clinical Trial	Choi et al [71], 2016	Randomized trial to promote mammogram and Pap tests	Community health workers	Focus groups	Korean Americans
Culturally Competent Strategies for Recruitment and Retention of African American Populations into Clinical Trials	Otado et al [72], 2015	Mixed studies	25 study coordinators	Survey or interview	Individuals with diverse cultural backgrounds, with the majority being African Americans
Evaluating and Improving Recruitment and Retention in an mHealth Clinical Trial: an Example of Iterating Methods During a Trial	Pfammatter et al [73], 2017	mHealthc intervention to preserve and promote CVHd	Target population	Survey	College freshmen
Participant Retention Practices in Longitudinal Clinical Research Studies With High Retention Rates	Abshire et al [13], 2017	Longitudinal studies—mixed	Study team	Survey and in-depth, semistructured interviews	—
Recruitment, Recruitment, Recruitment’—the Need for More Focus on Retention: a Qualitative Study of Five Trials	Daykin et al [2], 2018	Randomized trials—mixed	Trial team members—chief investigators, trial managers, nurses, and research administrators	Semistructured interviews	—
Strategies for Retaining Study Participants in Behavioral Intervention Trials: Retention Experiences of the NIH Behavior Change Consortium	Coday et al [1], 2005	Behavioral intervention trials—studies targeted toward disease prevention through behavior change	15 university-based sites	Focus groups	Mixed
Use of Strategies to Improve Retention in Primary Care Randomized Trials: a Qualitative Study with In-depth Interviews	Brueton et al [74], 2014	Primary care randomized trials	29 UK primary care chief and principal investigators, trial managers, and research nurses	In-depth interviews	—
Identifying Research Priorities for Effective Retention Strategies in Clinical Trials	Kearney et al [14], 2017	—	Chief investigators or clinical trial units	Survey	—
Recruitment and Retention of Older Adults in Assisted Living Facilities to a Clinical Trial Using Technology for Falls Prevention: a Qualitative Case Study of Barriers and Facilitators	Meekes et al [75], 2020	Physical function	Scheme managers, therapists, and researchers	Semistructured interviews	Older adults living in assisted living facilities

^aNot available.

^bRCT: randomized controlled trial.

^cmHealth: mobile health.

^dCVH: cardiovascular health.