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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2022 Aug 23;163:107214. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107214

Table 1.

Intervention and participant characteristics of included studies

Study N Population Race/Ethnicity Agea Gender Intervention delivery
mode
Intervention duration
Randomized controlled trials
Boutin-Foster et al., 201624 177 African American or black adults with hypertension 100% African American or Black 57 (10) 69% F Individual telephone calls plus written workbook 12 months of phone calls every other month
Bradshaw et al., 200725 54 Adults with type 2 diabetes 92% White, 2% Hispanic, 0% Black, 4% Asian 59 (11) 65% F In-person groups at diabetes center 5 weeks of 90-minute meetings offered twice per week
Celano et al., 202035 45 Adults with heart failure and suboptimal adherence to health behaviors 87% White 71 (10) 27% F Individual telephone calls plus written workbook Initial in-person session plus 11 weeks of weekly 30-minute calls
Chandler et al., 201547 28 Undergraduate students 75% White, 4% Black, 14% Asian, 4% Hispanic, 4% Other NR 100% F In-person groups 4 weeks of weekly in-person groups
Emmons et al., 2003a26 192 Undergraduate students NR NR 73% F Written exercises completed independently and turned in weekly 10 weeks of weekly writing prompts
Emmons et al., 2003b26 157 Undergraduate students NR NR 75% F Written exercises completed independently and turned in weekly 2 weeks of daily writing prompts
Emmons et al., 2003c26 65 Adults with neuromuscular disorders (e.g., post-polio, charco-marie-tooth, fascioscapulohumeral) NR 49 (NR) 68% F Written exercises completed independently and mailed in weekly 3 weeks of daily writing prompts
Huffman et al., 201938 47 Adults with acute coronary syndrome and low health behavior adherence 92% White 61 (11) 33% F Individual telephone calls plus written workbook Initial in-person session plus 11 weeks of weekly 30-minute calls
Huffman et al., 202036 60 Adults with type 2 diabetes and low physical activity 75% Non-Hispanic White 64 (10) 52% F Individual telephone calls plus written workbook 12 weeks of weekly 30-minute calls
Jaser et al., 201448 39 Adolescents with type 1 diabetes 77% White 15 (NR) 51% F Individual telephone calls 8 weeks of phone calls every 2 weeks
Joutsenniemi et al., 201427 3274 Finnish community sample NR 42 (NR) 83% F Individual emails 4 months of emails delivered every 4-5 days
Kahler et al., 201544 66 Community sample of smokers who want to quit 81% White, 14% Black, 3% Hispanic, 5% Other 46 (13) 50% F Individual in-person 6 sessions over 7 weeks
Kersten et al., 201628 58 Undergraduate students NR 19 (NR) 57% F Individual in-person 4 sessions over 2 weeks
Lee et al., 201929 150 Retired community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan NR 61 (7) 79% F In-person group sessions 12 weeks of walking sessions with a trainer 3 times/week, plus 6 45-minute positive education group sessions
Mancuso et al., 201230 258 Adults in New York City with mild-moderate asthma 54% White, 22% Black, 31% Latino, 24% Other 42 (12) 75% F Individual telephone calls plus written workbook 12 months of phone calls every other month
Mann et al., 200145 40 Women being treated for HIV 35% Hispanic, 40% Black, 25% White 39 (8) 100% F Individual in-person initial session with instruction to complete writing task at home 4 weeks; instructed to write twice a week for 10 minutes at a time
Moskowitz et al., 201731 159 People who had received HIV diagnosis in the past 3 months 21% Black, 21% Latino, 3% Latino/Black, 45% White, 8% Asian/Pacific Islander, 1% Amer Indian 36 (10) 7% F Individual in-person and telephone 6 weeks of weekly sessions
Ogedegbe et al., 201232 256 Black/African American adults with a diagnosis of hypertension 100% Black 58 (12) 79% F Individual telephone calls plus written workbook 12 months of phone calls every other month
Peterson et al., 201233 242 Adults who recently underwent percutaneous coronary intervention 81% White, 11% Black, 4% Asian, 4% Multiracial, 13% Hispanic 63 (11) 30% F Individual telephone calls plus written workbook 12 months of phone calls every other month
Phillips et al., 201734 405 Black or Hispanic adults with body mass index of 25-50 52% Black, 42% Hispanic, 5% Both 48 (14) 89% F Individual in-person sessions 1 year of sessions (weekly for months 1-3, biweekly for months 4-9, once monthly for months 10-12)
Single-arm studies
Celano, Freedman et al., 201839 11 Adults with mild to moderate heart failure and suboptimal adherence to health behaviors 90% White 67 (11) 40% F Individual telephone calls plus written workbook Initial in-person session plus 9 weeks of weekly 30-minute calls
Celano, Albanese et al., 201840 128 Adults with an acute coronary syndrome and suboptimal adherence to health behaviors 73% White 63 (12) 59% F Individual telephone calls plus written workbook Initial in-person session plus 7 weeks of weekly 30-minute calls
Celano et al., 201937 12 Adults with non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetes and suboptimal physical activity 83% White 59 (11) 42% F Individual telephone calls plus written workbook Initial in-person session plus 13 weeks of weekly 30-minute calls
DuBois et al., 201642 15 Adults with type 2 diabetes and suboptimal health behavior adherence 100% White 61 (7) 58% F Individual telephone calls plus written workbook 7 phone calls; weekly for 4 weeks, bi-weekly for 6 weeks
Hoeppner et al., 201943 30 Adult nondaily smokers with current quit intention 40% White, 43% Black, 17% Other, 7% Hispanic 45 (14) 27% F Individual smartphone app 3 weeks (1 week before and 2 weeks after quit day) of weekly sessions
Millstein et al., 202041 8 Suboptimally active adults at risk of developing chronic diseases 85% White 63 (4) 100% F In-person group walking sessions plus written workbook 8 weeks of weekly 90-minute in-person group sessions
O'Brien et al., 202046 134 Higher education students in Ireland NR NR 71% F In-person group sessions (up to 150 students per session) 2 90-minute sessions across 2 weeks

NR = Not reported.

a

Age reported as M (SD).

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