Table 2.

Collision and simulation parameters [17,23,31].

Collision Parameters	Coefficient of Restitution	Coefficient of Static Friction	Coefficient of Rolling Friction	Surface Energy (J/m2)
Particle–particle	0.1	2.0	0.1–3	0.6
Particle–membrane	0.1	2.0	0.1–3	1
Simulation Parameters	Particle Generation Rate/s	Total Number of Particles	Time Step of DEM/s	Time Step of CFD/s
	5 × 105	1000	1 × 10−10	1 × 10−8