Table A3.

Formulae to calculate run-length matrix features from the gray-scale image.

Feature Name	Formulae
Short run emphasis	$\frac{1}{n_r}{\sum }_{i=0}^{G-1}{\sum }_{j=1}^L\frac{p(i,j)}{j^2}$	(A17)
Long run emphasis	$\frac{1}{n_r}{\sum }_{i=0}^{G-1}{\sum }_{j=1}^{L}p(i,j)·j^2$	(A18)
Gray-level non-uniformity	$\frac{1}{n_r}{\sum }_{i=0}^{G-1}\left({\sum }_{j=1}^{L}p(i,j)\right)$	(A19)
Run-length non-uniformity	$\frac{1}{n_r}{\sum }_{j=1}^L\left({\sum }_{i=0}^{G-1}p(i,j)\right)$	(A20)
Run percent	$\frac{n_r}{W·H}$	(A21)