Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Source | Country | Design | Data Source | Cases | Vaccine Type | Vaccine Dose | COVID-19 History | Outcomes | Multivariable Analysis | Impact Factors | Adjust |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anais 2022 [13] | Spain | Pro | Three university hospitals in Southern Spain | 420 | BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, or Ad26.COV2.S | Complete | NO | anti-S IgG | YES | Age, gender, HIV infection way, CDC clinical category nadir CD4 T-cell counts, Charlson index, cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, immunosuppressive therapy, CD4 T-cell counts (cutoff = 200 cell/mm3), HIV viral load, vaccine |
- |
| Antinori 2022 [19] |
Italy | Pro | National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani | 153 | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 | Complete | NO | nAbs | NO | CD4 T-cell counts (cutoff = 200 cell/mm3) | - |
| Ao 2022 [20] |
China | Pro | People’s Hospital of Tongliang District | 139 | BBIBP-CorV or Corona Vac | Complete | NO | anti-RBD IgG | YES | Age, gender, days after 2nd vaccination, CD4 T-cell counts (cutoff = 500 cell/mm3), HIV viral load, white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, B cells, RBD-specific B cells, RBD-specific MBCs, RBD+ rMBCs, RBD+ actMBCs, RBD+ atyMBCs, RBD+ intMBCs | - |
| Bergman 2021 [21] |
Sweden | Pro | Karolinska University Hospital | 79 | BNT162b2 | Complete | NO | anti-RBD IgG | NO | CD4 T-cell counts (cutoff = 300 cell/mm3) | Age (partially) |
| Brumme 2022 [22] |
Canada | Retro | Three HIV care clinics in | 100 | BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 or ChAdOx1 | Complete | YES | anti-RBD IgG | NO | Days after 2nd vaccination | Age, chronic health conditions |
| Gianserra 2022 [23] |
Italy | Pro | HIV/AIDS Unit of the San Gallicano Dermatological Institute | 42 | BNT162b2 | Complete | NO | SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG | NO | Days after second vaccination | - |
| Haidar 2022 [24] |
USA | Pro | Unive University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System | 94 | BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 or Adenovirus | Complete | NO | anti-RBD IgG | NO, except for days after 2nd dose | Age, gender, race, vaccine, days after second dose | - |
| Han 2022 [25] |
China | Retro | Beijing Ditan Hospital | 47 | CoronaVac or Sinopharm | Complete | NO | nAbs | NO | CD4 T-cell counts (cutoff = 350 cell/mm3) | Age, sex, and interval length |
| Hassold 2022 [26] |
France | Retro | Department of Infectious Diseases of Hospital Avicenne | 105 | BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 or ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 | Complete | NO | Anti-spike IgG | NO | CD4 T-cell counts (cutoff = 200 cell/mm3) | - |
| Hensley 2022 [27] |
Netherlands | Pro | 22 HIV treatment centers | 1154 | BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S or Ad26.COV2.S | Complete | NO | Anti-spike IgG | YES, except for vaccine type | Vaccine type, age, gender, HIV viral load, CD4 T-cell counts (cutoff = 250 cell/mm3), CD4 nadir cell counts | - |
| Khan 2022 [28] |
South African | Pro | Biomedical Research of the University of KwaZulu–Natal | 26 | Ad26.CoV2.S | Complete | YES | Neutralization capacity | NO | HIV viral load | - |
| Milano 2022 [29] |
Italy | Pro | University of Bari | 578 | BNT162b2 | Complete | NO | Anti-RBD IgG | NO | Days after complete vaccination | - |
| Nault 2022 [30] | Canada | Retro | HIV clinics in Montreal | 106 | mRNA-1273 | Uncomplete | YES | Anti-RBD IgG | NO | CD4 T-cell counts (cutoff = 250 cell/mm3) | - |
| Netto 2022 [31] |
Brazil | Pro | University of Sao Paulo HIV/AIDS outpatient clinic | 215 | CoronaVac | Complete | NO | nAbs | NO | CD4 T-cell counts (cutoff = 500 cell/mm3) | - |
| Polvere 2022 [32] |
Italy | Retro | Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese | 84 | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 | Complete | NO | nAbs | NO | Age, gender, vaccine type, BMI, IDU, years from HIV infection, CDC stage, HBV or HCV coinfection, zenith HIV-RNA, CD4 T-cell counts at nadir, years from first ART, type of ART, HIV viral load, time from last HIV-RNA >50 copies/mL, CD4 T-cell counts at baseline (cutoff = 350 cell/mm3), CD4%, CD4/CD8 ratio |
- |
| Speich 2022 [33] |
Switzerland | RCT | University Hospital Basel, University Hospital Bern and University Hospital Zurich | 341 | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 | Complete | YES | nAbs | NO | Vaccine type | RCT |
| Spinelli 2022 [34] | USA | Retro | A large outpatient HIV clinic | 100 | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 | Complete | NO | nAbs | YES | CD4 T-cell counts (cutoff = NA), HIV viral load, vaccine type | Care for chronic medical conditions on days since completion of second vaccination (minimum 10), sex, age and mRNA vaccine type |
| Tuan 2022 [35] |
USA | Retro | Two HIV clinics of the Yale New Haven Health System | 78 | BNT162b2 | Uncomplete | NO | IgG |
NO, except for CD4 T-cell counts | Age, gender, days after second vaccination, BMI, self-reported substance use, time since HIV diagnosis, HIV ART regimen, CD4 T-cell counts (cutoff = 500 cell/mm3), HIV viral load, comorbidities |
- |
| Vergori 2022 [36] |
Italy | Retro | Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani in Rome | 106 | BNT162b2 or Mrna-1273 | Booster | NO | nAbs | NO | CD4 T-cell counts (cutoff = 200 cell/mm3), CD4 T-cell counts at nadir | - |
| Wong 2022 [37] |
China | Pro | The Integrated Treatment Centre or Princess Margaret Hospital HIV Service | 213 | CoronaVac or Comirnaty | Complete | NO | nAbs | NO | Vaccine type | age, sex, CD4 T-cell counts, and suppressed viral load (SVL) at the time point nearest to vaccination. |
| Xu 2022 [38] |
Sweden | Pro | Karolinska University Hospital | 79 | BNT162b2 | Complete | NO | anti-spike-IgG | NO | CD4 T-cell counts (cutoff = 200 cell/mm3) | - |
| Zeng 2022 [39] |
China | Retro | The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen | 126 | BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac | Complete | NO | anti-RBD IgG | NO |
CD4 T-cell counts (cutoff = 350 cell/mm3), days after complete vaccination, vaccine type | - |
| Zou 2022 [40] |
China | Pro | Wuchang district of Wuhan city | 46 | Sinopharm WIBP-CorV | Complete | NO | nAbs and IgG |
YES, except for days after 2nd dose | Age, gender, CD4 T-cell counts (cutoff = NA), days after second dose | - |
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; Pro, prospective study; Retro, retrospective study; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RBD, receptor binding domain; Ig, immunoglobulin; S, spike; nAbs, neutralizing antibodies; BMI, body mass index; MBC, memory B cell; BV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IDU, injecting drug users; NA, not available.