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. 2023 Apr 17;15(4):292. doi: 10.3390/toxins15040292

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of osmotic stress on growth of A. westerdijkiae and ΔAwSakA at different concentrations. (A) D-sorbitol treatment on YES. (B) Colony diameter on YES after 7 days of treatment with D-sorbitol. (C) D-sorbitol treatment on PDA. (D) Colony diameter on PDA after 9 days of treatment with D-sorbitol. (E) NaCl treatment on YES. (F) Colony diameter on YES for 7 days of treatment with NaCl. (G) NaCl treatment on PDA. (H) Colony diameter on PDA for 9 days of treatment with NaCl. Each treatment had three biological replicates, and each strain was cultured on four plates as technical replicates. Different letters indicate a significant difference between the corresponding values (p < 0.05).