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. 2023 Apr 17;14(4):391. doi: 10.3390/insects14040391

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Community composition of natural enemies on orange trees in orchards with different field margin management. Sampling period from April to June 2021: (A) Hymenoptera parasitoids; (B) arachnid predators; (C) insect predators. Sampling period from April to June 2022: (D) Hymenoptera parasitoids; (E) arachnid predators; (F) insect predators. WV—weed vegetation; RO(ORG)—rosemary hedgerow (organic orchard); RO(IPM)—rosemary hedgerow (IPM orchard); OR—oregano hedgerow; SG—sage hedgerow; SV—savory hedgerow.