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. 2023 Apr 21;23(8):4171. doi: 10.3390/s23084171

Table 8.

The estimated distances, speeds, and TTC from cameras and the UWB beacon from Trials 9 to 15.

UWB Beacon Measurements Ground Truth Data from Camera Absolute Difference in Distance (m) Absolute Difference in Speed (m/s) Absolute Difference in TTC (s)
Trial Moving Average Speed (m/s) Distance (m) TTC (s) Moving Average Speed (m/s) Distance (m) TTC (s)
9 2.905 21.705 7.705 2.50 20 8.03 1.63 0.41 0.30
3.050 15.775 5.215 3.06 15 4.94 0.67 0.01 0.31
2.515 11.770 4.750 2.78 10 3.65 1.62 0.26 1.15
2.310 5.640 2.465 2.78 5 1.91 0.34 0.47 0.67
10 3.320 20.745 6.530 2.22 20 9.03 0.67 1.10 2.47
3.070 15.800 5.185 2.78 15 5.44 0.70 0.29 0.22
2.815 11.660 4.145 2.78 10 3.65 1.51 0.04 0.54
2.460 5.855 2.410 2.78 5 1.91 0.56 0.32 0.61
11 3.710 20.655 5.715 1.94 20 10.33 0.58 1.77 4.57
3.045 15.805 5.260 3.06 15 4.94 0.70 0.01 0.35
2.580 11.295 4.415 2.78 10 3.65 1.14 0.20 0.82
2.435 5.965 2.490 2.78 5 1.91 0.67 0.34 0.69
12 4.980 21.075 4.320 2.50 20 8.03 1.00 2.48 3.68
2.650 16.250 6.215 2.78 15 5.44 1.15 0.13 0.82
3.510 10.735 3.140 2.78 10 3.65 0.58 0.73 0.46
1.830 5.555 3.050 2.50 5 2.12 0.26 0.67 1.05
13 2.295 21.365 9.320 2.22 20 9.03 1.29 0.07 0.32
2.445 15.670 6.420 2.50 15 6.04 0.57 0.06 0.42
3.080 11.245 3.715 2.78 10 3.65 1.09 0.30 0.12
2.245 6.085 2.715 2.78 5 1.91 0.79 0.53 0.92
14 2.855 20.975 7.370 2.22 20 9.03 0.90 0.63 1.63
2.995 15.780 5.275 2.78 15 5.44 0.68 0.22 0.13
2.695 10.940 4.120 2.78 10 3.65 0.79 0.08 0.52
2.260 5.645 2.515 2.50 5 2.12 0.35 0.24 0.52
15 2.620 20.620 8.110 1.94 20 10.33 0.54 0.68 2.18
3.100 15.155 5.155 2.78 15 5.44 0.05 0.32 0.25
3.045 11.110 3.940 2.78 10 3.65 0.96 0.27 0.34
2.200 5.515 2.510 2.50 5 2.12 0.22 0.30 0.51
The mean absolute differences 0.88 0.46 1.1