Table 1.

Summary of mycotoxins quantified in DDGS.

Mycotoxin	n	% Positive	Maximum (μg/kg)	Average (μg/kg)	Reference
AF Total	150	14.0	11.3	6.3	[14]
	148	81.1	61.0	3.4	[21]
	393	19.0	89.0	2.0	[26]
AFB1	150	14.0	9.9	5.8	[14]
	176	32.3	7.9	1.5	[20]
	393	18.0	89.0	1.0	[26]
AFB2	150	6.0	0.6	0.5	[14]
	176	3.4	-	0.1	[20]
	393	5.0	19.0	0	[26]
AFG1	150	2.7	0.7	0.5	[14]
	176	0	-	-	[20]
	393	1.0	3.0	0	[26]
AFG2	150	4.0	1.1	0.8	[14]
	176	0	-	-	[20]
	393	0	0	0	[26]
OTA	47	0	0	-	[20]
	173	25.0	68.0	2.0	[26]
Total FBs	150	25.3	2.2	1..0	[14]
	31	100.0	5.0	0.7	[21]
	390	91.0	9042.0	1036.0	[26]
FB1	150	25.3	3.6	1.6	[14]
	59	98.3	143,000.0	9080.0	[19]
	168	98.8	-	3207.0	[20]
	390	91.0	9042.0	892.0	[26]
FB2	150	23.3	2.1	0.6	[14]
	59	98.3	125,000.0	5950.0	[19]
	168	97.8	-	1243.0	[20]
	390	44.0	2626.0	144.0	[26]
FB3	150	6.0	0.7	0.4	[14]
DON	150	28.7	8.1	3.0	[14]
	59	49.2	6750.0	1160.0	[19]
	168	12.9	-	59.6	[20]
	409	77.0	24,269.0	1755.0	[26]
ZEA	150	34.7	501.0	167.6	[14]
	59	81.4	14,990.0	910.0	[19]
	168	18.0	-	18.2	[20]
	405	85.0	10,374.0	227.0	[26]
BEA	59	98.3	4220.0	350.0	[19]

n—number of samples; % of positive samples.