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. 2023 Apr 12;13(4):995. doi: 10.3390/life13040995

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Left atrial and ventricular strain analysis via speckle tracking echocardiography. (a) Measurement of left atrial strain, semi-automatic contouring of the left atrial borders for speckle tracking; (b) Display of the left atrial deformation over a cardiac cycle starting at the QRS, with the 3 phases: reservoir (LASr), conduit (LAScd), and contractile (LASct) function; (c) Strain rate measurements in the reservoir, conduit, and contraction phases; (d) Measurement of left ventricular (LV) longitudinal strain, semi-automatic contouring of the endocardial borders for speckle tracking; (e) Display of the LV longitudinal strain over a cardiac cycle, with the arrow showing the peak longitudinal strain, (f) Global longitudinal strain bull’s eye plot in a patient with ischemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and basal antero-lateral hypokinesia; (g) Measurement of LV radial and circumferential strain with semi-automatic contouring; (h) Display of the LV radial strain over a cardiac cycle, with the arrow showing the peak longitudinal strain; (i) Display of the LV circumferential strain over a cardiac cycle, with the arrow showing the peak longitudinal strain.