Table 1.
Yield and composition of essential oils from Hyptis crenata samples.
| RIC | RIL | Constituents | Hc-1 | Hc-2 | Hc-3 | Hc-4 | Hc-5 | Hc-6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Samples (%) * | ||||||||
| 923 | 921 a | tricyclene | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| 926 | 924 a | α-thujene | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| 934 | 932 a | α-pinene | 13.6 | 13.0 | 21.8 | 23.5 | 10.5 | 15.7 |
| 947 | 945 a | α-fenchene | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | |
| 949 | 946 a | camphene | 1.7 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 3.1 |
| 954 | 953 a | thuja-2,4(10)-diene | tr | 0.1 | tr | tr | ||
| 973 | 969 a | sabinene | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | |
| 978 | 974 a | β-pinene | 7.6 | 9.1 | 9.8 | 10.5 | 7.5 | 13.4 |
| 982 | 973 a | trans-p-menthane | 0.1 | |||||
| 991 | 988 a | myrcene | 0.9 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 2.3 |
| 1006 | 1002 a | α-phellandrene | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
| 1011 | 1008 a | δ-3-carene | 0.2 | 0.7 | ||||
| 1017 | 1014 a | α-terpinene | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.3 |
| 1024 | 1089 a | p-cymene | 0.8 | 2.9 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 |
| 1030 | 1024 a | limonene | 2.0 | 5.1 | 9.7 | 4.5 | 8.5 | |
| 1033 | 1026 a | 1,8-cineole | 31.0 | 19.2 | 31.5 | 23.5 | 18.4 | 17.4 |
| 1058 | 1054 a | γ-terpinene | 1.0 | 3.1 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 2.1 |
| 1066 | 1065 a | cis-sabinene hydrate (IPP vs. OH) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | ||
| 1099 | 1098 a | trans-sabinene hydrate | 0.3 | |||||
| 1071 | 1067 a | cis-linalool oxide (furanoid) | 0.1 | |||||
| 1089 | 1086 a | terpinolene | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 |
| 1100 | 1095 a | linalool | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 | |||
| 1114 | 1114 a | endo-fenchol | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
| 1121 | 1119 a | trans-pinene hydrate | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | |||
| 1121 | 1118 a | cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||||
| 1139 | 1136 a | trans-p-menth-2-en-1-ol | tr | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||
| 1144 | 1141 a | camphor | 1.9 | 17.6 | 2.4 | 3.8 | 19.3 | 4.5 |
| 1148 | 1145 a | camphene hydrate | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.7 |
| 1157 | 1155 a | isoborneol | 1.4 | 0.1 | tr | 0.1 | ||
| 1162 | 1160 a | pinocarvone | tr | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| 1166 | 1165 a | borneol | 6.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 16.4 | 2.3 | |
| 1177 | 1174 a | terpinen-4-ol | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| 1185 | 1179 a | p-cymen-8-ol | tr | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||
| 1191 | 1186 a | α-terpineol | 2.6 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 3.9 |
| 1197 | 1194 a | myrtenol | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| 1295 | 1289 a | thymol | tr | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | ||
| 1295 | 1297 a | carvacrol ethyl ether | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||
| 1302 | 1298 a | carvacrol | tr | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||
| 1352 | 1350 a | α-longipinene | 5.2 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 1.0 |
| 1357 | 1356 a | eugenol | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | tr | ||
| 1372 | 1373 a | α-ylangene | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||
| 1374 | 1374 a | isoledene | tr | tr | 0.1 | |||
| 1377 | 1374 a | α-copaene | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||
| 1400 | 1407 a | longifolene | 0.1 | |||||
| 1411 | 1409 a | α-gurjunene | tr | 0.1 | ||||
| 1421 | 1417 a | (E)-caryophyllene | 7.8 | 1.2 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 4.3 |
| 1429 | 1439 a | aromadendrene | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.4 |
| 1429 | 1430 b | γ-maaliene | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | tr | 0.1 | |
| 1435 | 1436 b | α-maaliene | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | tr | |
| 1444 | 1445 a | myltayl-4(12)-ene | 0.2 | |||||
| 1444 | 1545 b | selina-5,11-diene | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | |||
| 1450 | 1449 a | α-himachalene | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.2 | ||
| 1454 | 1452 a | α-humulene | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |
| 1462 | 1464 a | 9-epi-(E)-caryophyllene | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| 1473 | 1475 a | γ-gurjunene | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||
| 1479 | 1481 a | γ-himachalene | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||
| 1482 | 1485 a | 11α-himachala-1,4-diene | 0.5 | 0.1 | ||||
| 1487 | 1489 a | β-selinene | tr | 0.1 | ||||
| 1496 | 1496 a | viridiflorene | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | |
| 1502 | 1500 a | β-himachalene | 3.7 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 | |
| 1508 | 1511 a | δ-amorphene | 0.1 | |||||
| 1514 | 1516 a | α-dehydro-ar-himachalene | 0.4 | |||||
| 1515 | 1513 a | γ-cadinene | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | |||
| 1524 | 1522 a | δ-cadinene | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | |||
| 1529 | 1530 a | γ-dehydro-ar-himachalene | 0.3 | tr | ||||
| 1536 | 1540 b | selina-4(15),7(11)-diene | tr | 0.1 | ||||
| 1539 | 1545 a | selina-3,7(11)-diene | 0.1 | |||||
| 1543 | 1544 a | α-calacorene | 0.4 | |||||
| 1560 | 1562 a | epi-longipinanol | 0.1 | |||||
| 1567 | 1566 a | maaliol | 0.1 | tr | 0.1 | |||
| 1570 | 1570 a | caryophyllenyl alcohol | 0.1 | |||||
| 1578 | 1577 a | spathulenol | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| 1584 | 1585 a | caryophyllene oxide | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 2.4 | |
| 1584 | 1590 a | globulol | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |||
| 1592 | 1592 a | viridiflorol | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 0.6 |
| 1597 | 1599 a | longiborneol | 0.1 | |||||
| 1602 | 1600 a | rosifoliol | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||
| 1613 | 1615 a | β-himachalene oxide | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||
| 1616 | 1618 a | 1,10-di-epi-cubenol | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||
| 1620 | 1622 a | 10-epi-γ-eudesmol | 0.5 | 0.7 | ||||
| 1620 | 1618 a | junenol | 0.1 | |||||
| 1637 | 1639 a | caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-dien-5β-ol | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
| 1645 | 1640 a | hinesol | 0.3 | 0.2 | ||||
| 1646 | 1652 a | himachalol | 0.6 | 0.5 | ||||
| 1653 | 1656 a | valerianol | 0.2 | 0.3 | ||||
| 1658 | 1668 a | 14-hydroxy-9-epi-(E)-caryophyllene | 1.1 | |||||
| 1662 | 1661 a | allohimachalol | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||
| 1675 | 1675 a | cadalene | 0.1 | |||||
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 29.5 | 41.8 | 45.3 | 56.9 | 34.3 | 51.8 | ||
| Oxygenated monoterpenes | 38.7 | 49.8 | 40.1 | 33.7 | 59.0 | 31.2 | ||
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 23.8 | 3.3 | 9.7 | 5.4 | 2.0 | 8.5 | ||
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 3.2 | 3.9 | 2.8 | 1.7 | 4.3 | 5.0 | ||
| Other compounds | tr | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | tr | tr | ||
| Total (%) | 95.1 | 98.9 | 97.9 | 97.8 | 99.7 | 96.5 | ||
| Oil yield (%, v/w) | 1.6 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 3.1 | ||
RIC = calculated retention index using an n-alkane standard solution (C8–C40) in Rtx-5MS column; RIL = literature retention index; Main constituents in bold, n = 2 (standard deviation was less than 2.0); tr = traces (% < 0.1); * = The percentage composition of the oil samples was computed from the GC-FID peak areas; a = Adams library [15]; b = FFNCS library [16].