Table 1.
Application of propolis extracts in fruits and vegetables.
| Foods | Geographical Origin | Used Extracts | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vegetables | |||
| Lettuce | Portugal (Bragança, 41°48′ N; 06°45′ W) |
2% Metanol extract | [55] |
| Cucumber and soybean | Brazil (Pato Branco) |
PEE | [56] |
| Celery, leek and butternut squash | Argentine (Juricich, Mendoza) |
PEE | [48,58] |
| Tomato, lettuce seeds, onion roots | Argentine (Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Chaco) |
PEE | [57] |
| Tomato | Italy | Glycolic extract | [59] |
| Tomato | Bandung | PEE diluted with propylene glycol | [60] |
| Cherry tomato | China | PEE | [61] |
| Cherry tomato | Poland Toruń County (53.03′ N, 18.62′ E) |
PEE + pullulan | [62] |
| Mashed potatoes | Jordan (naour region) |
Nd | [63] |
| Potatoes | Argentine (semi-arid regions of Salta, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán) |
PEE | [64] |
| Chili | Brazil | PEE | [65] |
| Rice | Brazil (Minas Gerais) |
Ethanol, methylene chloride and hexane extract | [66] |
| Fruits | |||
| Sweet cherry | Turkey (Hatay province (Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey)) |
WPE and PEE | [67] |
| Sweet cherry | China | Propolis fresh liquid | [68] |
| Citrus | China (Baoding County, Hebei Province) |
PEAE (propolis ethyl acetate extract) | [69] |
| Mandarins | China (Baoding County, Hebei Province) |
PEAE | [69] |
| Orange | Egypt | PEE | [71] |
| Orange | Iraq (Baghdad) |
Hydro-alcohol extract | [72] |
| Orange | Brazil (southern state of Paraná) |
PEE | [73] |
| Citrus reticulata Blanco | Indonesia | PEE | [74] |
| Star Ruby grapefruit | Turkey (Hatay province) |
PEE | [75] |
| Table grape, cv. Muscatel | Spain (Bonamel Organic S.L. (Alquería de Aznar, Spain)). |
PEE | [76] |
| Dragon fruit | China | PEE | [77] |
| Apple | Iraq (Baghdad) |
PEE | [78] |
| Apple | Egypt | PEE | [79] |
| Mango | Brazil | PEE | [80] |
| Mango | Saudi Arabia | PEE | [81] |
| Banana | Brazil (Bambuí, Minas Gerais) |
Hydro-alcohol extract and aqueous extract | [82] |
| Banana | Saudi Arabia (Hada Al-Sham 21°48′3′′ N, 39°43′25′′ E) |
PEE | [83] |
| Banana | Thailand (Ratchaburi province) |
PEE | [84] |
| Blueberry | Poland (Torun County) |
PEE | [85] |
| Strawberry | Mexico | - | [86] |
| Fig | Mexico | - | [87] |
| Pear | Portugal (central coast and the northern region) |
PEE | [88] |