TABLE 2.
Frequency and concentration range of toxins and fungal species found in 79 samples of moldy building materials
| Speciesa | Toxin incidence and concn rangeb
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrinine | DAS | DON | 3-Ace- DON | T2-tetraol | Satratoxin G | SATH | Verrucarol | Sterigmatocystin | No toxin found | |
| Acremonium sp. | 2 (20–35 × 103) | 4 (14–3,300) | 1 (19) | 2 (2.5–5.5) | 5 (0.2–98) | 15 | ||||
| Aspergillus sp. | 1 (411) | 1 (11 × 104) | 2 (170–770) | 2 (80–93) | 1 (14) | 3 (12–31 × 103) | 6 | |||
| Aspergillus flavipes | 2 (0.2–0.8) | |||||||||
| A. ochraceus | 1 (320) | 1 (920) | 5 (0.8–43) | |||||||
| Aspergillus sydowii | 5 (0.8–5) | 5 | ||||||||
| Aspergillus ustus | 1 (310) | 7 | ||||||||
| A. versicolor | 3 (20–35 × 103) | 1 (22) | 13 (0.8–320) | 14 | ||||||
| Aureobasidium sp. | 1 (22) | 2 (5.0–24) | ||||||||
| Chaetomium sp. | 1 (920) | 1 (11 × 104) | 1 (14) | 2 (43–44) | 5 | |||||
| Cladosporium sp. | 1 (3,300) | 3 (3.9–98) | 9 | |||||||
| Cunninghamella sp. | 2 (0.8–4.2) | |||||||||
| Exophiala sp. | 1 (320) | 3 (5.0–8.7) | 3 | |||||||
| Fusarium sp. | 1 (320) | 1 (14) | 1 (920) | 5 (4.2–43) | 7 | |||||
| Mucor sp. | 1 (3,300) | 3 | ||||||||
| Order Mucorales sp. | 1 (970) | |||||||||
| Oidiodendron sp. | 1 (3,300) | |||||||||
| Paecilomyces lilanicus | 2 (0.8–24) | 4 | ||||||||
| Penicillium sp. | 2 (20–320) | 4 (310–3,300) | 1 (920) | 3 (2.5–35) | 14 (0.8–920) | 35 | ||||
| Phoma sp. | 1 (320) | 1 (14) | 5 (3.9–120) | 5 | ||||||
| Rhinocladiella sp. | 1 (14) | |||||||||
| Rhizopus sp. | 1 (970) | 2 | ||||||||
| Rhodotorula sp. | 1 (320) | 4 (3.9–8.7) | 6 | |||||||
| Scopulariopsis sp. | 1 (35 × 103) | 3 (4.8–170) | 2 | |||||||
| Stachybotrys sp. | 1 (35 × 103) | 3 (35–770) | 2 (80–93) | 5 (4.7–31 × 103) | ||||||
| S. chartarum | 1 (2.5) | 1 (3.9) | 7 | |||||||
| Trichoderma viride | 1 (3,300) | 2 (2.4–120) | 9 | |||||||
| Ulocladium sp. | 1 (310) | 5 | ||||||||
| Verticillium sp. | 1 (20) | 1 (3,300) | 2 (170–770) | 2 (80–93) | 5 (0.8–31 × 103) | 2 | ||||
| Aspergillus niger | 6 | |||||||||
| Chaetomium globosum | 3 | |||||||||
| Eurotium sp. | 3 | |||||||||
| Mycelia Sterilia | 2 | |||||||||
| Paecilomyces sp. | 3 | |||||||||
| Paecilomyces variotii | 8 | |||||||||
| Unidentified yeast | 4 | |||||||||
| Total no. of samples | 3 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 19 | 47 |
a
CFU measurement was used to determine the presence of each species.
b
Toxin incidence is shown as number of samples containing the given fungal species which also contained the given toxin. The concentration range, in parentheses, is shown as nanograms of toxin per gram (fresh weight) of sample.