Figure 5.

Reduction of P. fluorescens on the cellulose substrate after treatment for biofilm removal. P. fluorescens grown for 48 h to form biofilms on cellulose substrates were washed for 1 h with Formulation 1/2 or not treated (control). Bacteria were extracted from biofilms on the cellulose substrate via mild ultrasonication. Resulting bacteria suspensions were serially diluted, and the concentration of viable bacteria was determined via colony forming unit counting. Concentration of viable P. fluorescens is expressed as mean log CFU/cm² ± SD. *** p < 0.001 (n = 3).