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. 2023 Apr 20;12(8):2991. doi: 10.3390/jcm12082991

Table 1.

Demographic data and information of bone mineral density in girl and boy AIS patients.

Total (n = 798)
Mean ± SD *
Girls
(n = 658)
Boys
(n = 140)
p-Value *
Age, y 14.0 ± 1.6 13.8 ± 1.6 15.1 ± 1.3 <0.001
Height, cm 161.9 ± 8.5 160.0 ± 7.0 171.0 ± 9.1 <0.001
Height Z-score 0.41 ± 1.0 0.41 ± 1.0 0.41 ± 1.1 0.99
BMI, kg/m2 18.2 ± 1.9 18.1 ± 2.7 18.9 ± 3.5 0.01
BMI Z-score −0.65 ± 1.2 −0.64 ± 1.1 −0.69 ± 1.5 0.66
Cobb angle, degrees 53.8 ± 11.3 53.7 ± 11.3 54.0 ± 11.4 0.66
Curve pattern 0.017
  Lenke 1, n 435 368 67
  Lenke 2, n 75 51 24
  Lenke 3, n 37 29 8
  Lenke 4, n 6 4 2
  Lenke 5, n 208 174 34
  Lenke 6, n 37 32 5
Femoral neck BMD, g/cm2 0.82 ± 0.12 0.81 ± 0.12 0.85 ± 0.12 0.001
Femoral neck BMD Z-score −0.68 ± 0.96 −0.57 ± 0.92 −1.2 ± 0.96 <0.001
BMD Z-score ≤ −2, % 8.1 5.2 22.1 <0.001
BMD Z-score ≤ −1, % 37.5 32.8 59.3 <0.001

p-value * indicates p-value of the comparison between AIS girls and boys. Mean ± SD * indicates that continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). BMI, body mass index; BMD, bone mineral density. Age, height, BMI, BMD were compared by Student’s t-test; Cobb angle was compared by Mann–Whitney U test. Curve pattern and the prevalence of low BMD were compared by chi-squared test.