Figure 3.

Volatile organic compounds from P. citrinum isolates stimulate robust seedling growth in Choy Sum. (a) The morphological traits of Choy Sum seedlings grown in tripartite Phytatray II for 10 days; (b) the seedlings from (a); (c–f) quantification of the fresh and dry weight of shoots (c,d) and roots (e,f) from the seedlings incubated individually with P. citrinum B9 or FLP7 conidia. Data represents means ± SDs from 3 replicates each consisting of 8 plants. Barium hydroxide was used to quench excess CO₂ produced by fungal growth and/or metabolism. Control (mock) inoculation utilized the growth medium (PA, prune agar) without any fungus. Differences were deemed significant at a probability level of p < 0.05 (*) or p < 0.01(***).