Skip to main content
. 2023 Apr 24;16:1403–1424. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S407672

Table 6.

Direct and Moderating Effects

Hypothesis Relationship Path Coefficient STDEV BCI-LL, BCI-UL t-Statistic p-value Conclusion
IV M DV
Direct Effect
H1a RT WE 0.178 0.063 0.056, 0.299 2.841 0.005 Significant
H1b IMP WE 0.167 0.059 0.057, 0.281 2.829 0.005 Significant
H1c BP WE 0.268 0.068 0.133, 0.396 3.961 0.000 Significant
H1d SA WE 0.026 0.061 −0.096, 0.143 0.429 0.668 Insignificant
H2a RT TL 0.169 0.053 0.061, 0.271 3.184 0.001 Significant
H2b IMP TL 0.226 0.051 0.127, 0.328 4.419 0.000 Significant
H2c BP TL 0.093 0.061 −0.021, 0.218 1.531 0.126 Insignificant
H2d SA TL 0.342 0.058 0.227, 0.456 5.931 0.000 Significant
H3 TL WE 0.211 0.060 0.094, 0.330 3.533 0.000 Significant
Moderating Effect
H5a WW × RT WE 0.173 0.085 −0.037, 0.294 2.034 0.040 Significant
H5b WW × IMP WE −0.002 0.061 −0.112, 0.131 0.033 0.974 Insignificant
H5c WW × BP WE −0.105 0.082 −0.238, 0.097 1.292 0.197 Insignificant
H5d WW × SA WE −0.175 0.087 −0.296, 0.085 2.001 0.041 Significant
H6 WW × TL WE 0.117 0.063 −0.032, 0.216 1.866 0.062 Insignificant
Control Effect
Gender WE 0.037 0.092 −0.143, 0.218 0.444 0.686 Insignificant
Contractual relationship WE 0.046 0.092 −0.134, 0.226 0.500 0.617 Insignificant
Experience WE −0.084 0.044 −0.171, 0.003 −1.888 0.060 Insignificant

Abbreviations: IV, independent variable; DV, dependent variable; STDEV, standard deviation; BCI, bias-corrected confidence interval.