5-HMF	5-hydroxymethylfurfural
ABTS	2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)
ADH	alcohol dehydrogenase
AGEs	advanced glycation end products
ALDH	aldehyde dehydrogenase
ALT	alanine aminotransferase
Ara	l-arabinose
AST	aspartate aminotransferase
ATM	ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene
ATR	ATM and Rad3-related gene
BB	bee read
CCl4	carbon tetrachloride
Chk1	checkpoint kinase1
Chk2	checkpoint kinase2
CAA	cellular antioxidant activity assay
COX-2	cyclooxygenase-2
CUPRAC	CUPric reducing antioxidant capacity
DAD	diode array detection
DPPH	2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil
DPP-IV	dipeptidyl peptidase-IV
DW	dry weight
ERK	extracellular regulated kinases
ESI	electrospray ionization
FRAP	ferric reducing antioxidant power
Gal	d-galactose
Glc	d-glucose
Glccur	d-glucuronic
HFD	high-fat diet
HHP	high hydrostatic pressure
HMGB1	high-mobility-group protein 1
HO-1	heme oxygenase-1
HPLC	high-performance liquid chromatography
HSCCC	high-speed counter-current chromatography
HSCs	hepatic stellate cells
IGs	isorhamnetin glycosides
IL-6	interleukin-6
IL-1β	interleukin-1β
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
IR	infrared spectroscopy
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MDA	malondialdehyde
MEOS	microsomal ethanol oxidizing system
MS	mass spectrometry
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-B
NMR	nuclear magnetic resonance
Nrf2	nuclear factor E2-related factor 2
OFI-E	opuntia ficus-indica extract
ONOO(-)	peroxynitrite
ORAC	oxygen radical absorbance capacity
PAI-1	plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1
PBMC	human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
PSC	peroxyl radical-scavenging capacity
PTP1B	protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
Rha	l-rhamnose
ROS	reactive oxygen species
Xyl	D-xylose
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-β
TLC	thin-layer chromatography
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor
tPA	tissue-type plasminogen activator
UPLC	ultra-performance liquid chromatography
UV	ultraviolet radiation
α-SMA	alpha-smooth muscle actin