Table 3.
Included studies that provided measurable results.
| Ref. | Authors | Year | Type | PF (n) | Site | Stenting (n) |
Stents (n) | Stent Healing | Stent Complications | Mortality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [4] | Schweeigert et al. | 2014 | OS | 49 | 29/49 | 60% | 10.3% (aortic erosion n = 3) | 24.1% | ||
| [8] | Schaheen et al. | 2014 | R | 72% | ||||||
| [9] | Wu et al. | 2017 | OS | 27 | C | 88.9% | ||||
| [10] | Lee et al. | 2013 | OS | 20 | A | 20/20 | 95% | |||
| [11] | Rajan et al. | 2014 | OS | 32 | T | 32/32 | 96% | 8.54% | ||
| [12] | Schweigert et al. | 2013 | OS | 38 | 22/38 | 77% | 13.6% (aortic erosion n = 3) | 22.7% | ||
| [13] | Nguyen et al. | 2011 | CS | 18 | 9/28 | 100% | 0% | |||
| [14] | Speer et al. | 2016 | OS | 23 | C | 22/23 | 63/22 | 70% | 62% migration, 11% tissue overgrowth, 8% minor erosion, 8% major erosion | 0% |
| [15] | Smith et al. | 2020 | OS | 11 | 10/11 | 90% | 9% | |||
| [16] | Bohle et al. | 2020 | OS | 34 | 34/34 | 76% | 15% | 20% | ||
| [17] | El-Sourani et al. | 2022 | OS | 28 | 7/28 | 85.7% | 28.6% (stent migration n = 1, perforation, n = 1) | 0% | ||
| [18] | D’Cunha et al. | 2011 | OS | 37 | 37/37 | 94/37 | 59% | 8.1% (stent erosion, leak enlargement, fatal gastroaortic fistula) | 0% | |
| [19] | Stephens et al. | 2014 | OS | 89 | 89/89 | 74.2% | 3.4% | |||
| [20] | van Boeckel et al. | 2011 | SR | 267 | 267/267 | 85% | 34% (stent migration 31%, tissue overgrowth 3%) | |||
| [21] | Singer et al. | 2017 | OS | 21 | 21/21 | 19% (stent migration n = 4) | ||||
| [22] | Kucukay et al. | 2013 | OS | 14 | 14/14 | 79% | 21.4% (recurrent fistula n = 2 stent dislocation n = 1) | 0% | ||
| [23] | Feith et al. | 2011 | SR | 115 | 115/115 | 70% | Stent dislocation 53% after esophagocolonostomy, 61% with esophagojejunostomy, 49% with esophagogastrostomy. | |||
| [24] | Aryaie et al. | 2017 | OS | 20 | 20/20 | 90% | 60% (stent migration n = 8, mucosal friability n = 4, tissue integration n = 2, bleeding n = 2, aortoesophageal fistula n = 2). | 5% | ||
| [25] | Sanz Segura et al. | 2022 | OS | 31 | 31/31 | 75% | 21.7% (stent migration n = 5), | 0% | ||
| [26] | Haruštiak et al. | 2020 | OS | 80 | 39/80 | 62% | 10% (airway fistula n = 4) | 10% | ||
| [27] | Eizaguirre et al. | 2016 | OS | 24 | 13/24 | 92.3% | 7.7% | |||
| [28] | Kim et al. | 2013 | OS | 33 | 4/33 | 50% | 0% | |||
| [29] | Berlth et al. | 2018 | CS | 111 | 76/111 | 73.9% | 14.5% (perforation n = 1, gastrotracheal fistula n = 4, stenosis n = 5) | |||
| [30] | Mennigen et al. | 2015 | CS | 45 | 30/45 | 63.3% | 36.7% | 26.7% | ||
| [31] | Rausa et al. | 2018 | MA | 134 | 80/134 | pooled odds ratio of EVT/stent = 5.51 | pooled odds ratio of EVT/stent = 0.38 | pooled odds ratio of EVT/stent = 0.33 | ||
| [32] | Tavares et al. | 2021 | MA | 559 | 65.6% | |||||
| [33] | Hallit et al. | 2021 | MS | 68 | 30/68 | 77% | 6.7% | |||
| [34] | Hoeppner et al. | 2014 | OS | 35 | 35/35 | 48/35 | 69% | 71% (stent dislocation −19%) | 0% | |
| [35] | Freeman et al. | 2012 | CS | 46 | 46/46 | 67.4% | ||||
| [36] | Freeman et al. | 2011 | OS | 17 | 17/17 | 100% | 18% (stent migration n = 3) | 0% | ||
| [37] | Al-Issa et al. | 2014 | OS | 20 | 15/20 | 67% | 33% (stent migration n = 3, tracheoesophageal fistula, n = 2) | 6.7% | ||
| [38] | Southwell et al. | 2016 | OS | 21 | 21/21 | 95% | 19 % (stent migration n = 4) | 0% | ||
| [39] | van Boeckel et al. | 2012 | OS | 32 | 32/32 | 83/52 | 76% | 46% (tissue overgrowth n = 8, stent migration n = 10, ruptured stent cover n = 6, food obstruction n = 3, severe pain n = 2, esophageal rupture n = 2, hemorrhage n = 2) | 2% | |
| [40] | Iglesias Jorquera et al. | 2021 | OS | 25 | 25/25 | 34/25 | 84% | 28% (stent migration n = 7) | 0% | |
| [41] | Puig C et al. | 2014 | OS | 21 | A | 21/21 | 19% | 47% (stent migration n = 10) | ||
| [42] | Fischer et al. | 2013 | OS | 11 | 11/11 | 100% | 36% (stent dislocation n = 4) | 0% | ||
| [43] | Wei et al. | 2013 | OS | 8 | 8/8 | 14/8 | 9/13 (tissue ingrowth n = 2, stent migration n = 10, esophageal lesion n = 1) | 0% | ||
| [44] | Sharaiha et al. | 2015 | OS | 21 | 37/37 | 37% stent migration | 0% | |||
| [45] | Fujii et al. | 2013 | OS | 18 | 18/18 | 56% | 33% (stent migration n = 7, tracheoesophageal fistula n = 1) | 5.6% | ||
| [46] | Law et al. | 2018 | MA | 75 | 96.7% | 15.9% stent migration | ||||
| [47] | Jena et al. | 2023 | MA | pooled clinical success rate of OTSC fixation = 0.79 | pooled rate of migration following OTSC anchorage = 0.08 | |||||
| [48] | Licht et al. | 2016 | OS | 49 | 31/49 | 88% | 3.2% (pulmonary artery erosion n = 1) | |||
| [49] | Schweigert et al. | 2011 | OS | 25 | 17/25 | 76.5% | 23.5% (early recurrence n = 1, thoracic aorta erosion n = 3) | 17.6% | ||
| [50] | Lange et al. | 2021 | OS | 3 | 3/3 | 100% | ||||
| [51] | Chon et al. | 2021 | OS | 10 | 15/10 | 70% | 0% | |||
| [52] | Lange et al. | 2023 | MS | 15 | 41/15 |
PF—postoperative fistula, CS—comparative study, MA—meta-analysis, MS—multicentric study, OS—observational study, R—review, SR—systematic review, C—cervical, T—thorax, A—abdominal, EVT—endovacuum therapy, Ref.—reference, n—number.