Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Panel Sample (n = 4,772), Monitoring the Future Study, 2006–2017
| Full Sample | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Available Data | Missing Data | Participated in Sports | Did Not Participate in Sports | ||||||
| Baseline (Age 17/18 Years) Variable | % | No. b | % | No. | % | No. b | % | No. b | P Value a |
| Overall sports participation | 12.3 | 586 | |||||||
| Participated in at least 1 sport | 68.1 | 2,851 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Did not participate in any sports | 31.9 | 1,335 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Type of sports participation | 12.3 | 586 | |||||||
| Contact sports | 20.0 | 836 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Semicontact sports | 35.1 | 1,471 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Noncontact sports | 35.0 | 1,465 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Lifetime nonmedical PDM at baseline | |||||||||
| PDM of opioids | 18.2 | 858 | 1.4 | 65 | 17.3 | 489 | 19.3 | 255 | 0.135 |
| PDM of stimulants | 18.9 | 891 | 1.1 | 52 | 18.0 | 509 | 19.4 | 258 | 0.274 |
| PDM of tranquilizers/sedatives | 19.8 | 937 | 0.9 | 42 | 17.5 | 496 | 22.8 | 303 | 0.001 |
| Any PDM | 30.9 | 1,466 | 0.7 | 33 | 29.2 | 829 | 33.2 | 442 | |
| Sex | 0.6 | 28 | |||||||
| Male | 48.6 | 2,306 | 53.5 | 1,519 | 35.2 | 468 | |||
| Female | 51.4 | 2,438 | 46.5 | 1,321 | 64.8 | 863 | |||
| Race/ethnicity | 0.0 | 0 | |||||||
| White | 60.5 | 2,886 | 64.3 | 1,833 | 57.8 | 772 | |||
| Black | 11.0 | 525 | 9.8 | 280 | 11.1 | 148 | |||
| Hispanic | 15.4 | 736 | 12.9 | 368 | 18.1 | 242 | |||
| Other | 13.1 | 625 | 13.0 | 370 | 13.0 | 173 | |||
| Grade point average | 3.3 | 156 | 0.001 | ||||||
| B− or higher | 82.8 | 3,824 | 86.4 | 2,429 | 78.8 | 1,039 | |||
| C+ or lower | 17.2 | 792 | 13.6 | 382 | 21.2 | 279 | 0.01 | ||
| Parents’ level of education | 4.2 | 199 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Less than a college degree | 48.8 | 2,233 | 43.2 | 119 | 57.8 | 736 | |||
| College degree or higher | 51.2 | 2,340 | 56.8 | 1,574 | 42.2 | 537 | |||
| Urbanicity | 0.0 | 0 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Large MSA (urban) | 29.8 | 1,424 | 29.1 | 831 | 29.6 | 395 | |||
| Other MSA (suburban) | 48.9 | 2,332 | 47.9 | 1,367 | 49.9 | 666 | |||
| Non-MSA (rural) | 21.3 | 1,016 | 22.9 | 653 | 20.5 | 274 | |||
| US region | 0.0 | 0 | |||||||
| Northeast | 18.3 | 872 | 17.5 | 499 | 15.1 | 201 | |||
| Midwest | 23.5 | 1,123 | 25.1 | 717 | 23.8 | 318 | |||
| South | 38.1 | 1,816 | 37.6 | 1,072 | 40.6 | 542 | |||
| West | 20.1 | 961 | 19.7 | 563 | 20.5 | 274 | |||
| Cohort yearc | 0.0 | 0 | 0.01 | ||||||
| 2006–2009 | 34.7 | 1,657 | 35.5 | 1,031 | 31.5 | 420 | |||
| 2010–2013 | 35.0 | 1,668 | 35.8 | 1,021 | 35.4 | 472 | |||
| 2014–2017 | 30.3 | 1,447 | 28.7 | 817 | 33.2 | 443 | |||
Abbreviations: MSA, Metropolitan Statistical Area; N/A, not applicable; PDM, prescription drug misuse.
a Significance tests were based on χ2 tests of independence.
b Sample sizes vary in comparison with the total sample because of missing data across items.
c Year of entering the survey at age 17/18 years.