Figure 1.

Multigroup growth mixture model short sleep duration trajectories according to race/ethnicity among female respondents, National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, United States, 1994–2018. Developmental periods include early adolescence (11–14 years), adolescence (15–19 years), emerging adulthood (20–24 years), young adulthood (25–34 years), and adulthood (35–44 years). Trajectories include consistent increasing short sleepers (i.e., increasing probability of short sleep into adulthood), late-onset short sleepers (i.e., no probability of short sleep duration in adolescence until adulthood), early-onset short sleepers (i.e., declining probability of short sleep duration from adolescence into adulthood). Key: Black respondents, purple; Latinx respondents, green; white respondents, red. Early-onset short sleepers, solid lines; consistent increasing short sleepers, dashed lines; and late-onset short sleepers, dotted lines. The early-onset trajectories for Latinx and White respondents are overlapping. The late-onset trajectories are overlapping at zero probability from early adolescence to young adulthood for all racial/ethnic groups.