Figure 4.

Expression of P. vulgaris genes related to rhizobial infection (NF-YA1) and early nodulation in roots (Enod 40) inoculated with Rhizobium tropici. P. vulgaris plants treated with clethodim and pendimethalin individually in a controlled chamber study in Granada, Spain, in January 2020. The ubiquitin UBC9 was used to normalize gene expression. When ratio values were lower than 1, the inverse value was estimated, and the sign was changed. Data are the mean ± SE (n = 3) in a single qRT-PCR experiment. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ (p ≤ 0.05) using Tukey’s post hoc test.