| AFP | Alpha-feroprotein |
| ALBI | Albumin-bilirubin |
| BCLC | Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer |
| BER | Base excision repair |
| CNA | Circulating nucleic acids |
| CPS | Combined positive score |
| CR/PR | Complete response/Partial response |
| CTC | Circulating tumor cell |
| ctDNA | Circulating tumor DNA |
| CTLA | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein |
| DDR | DNA damage repair |
| ECOG | Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group |
| FADD | FAS-associated death domain |
| GEP | Gene express pattern |
| HBV | Hepatitis B virus |
| HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| HCV | Hepatitis C virus |
| HPV | Human papillomavirus |
| HR | Homologous recombination |
| ICI | Immune checkpoint inhibitor |
| IFN-γ | Interferon-gamma |
| IHC | Immunohistochemistry |
| IL | Interlurkin |
| IRGPI | Immune related gene-based prognostic index |
| JAK | Janus kinase |
| MGMT | O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase |
| MMR | Mismatch repair |
| MSI | Microsatellite instability |
| NAFLD | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| NASH | Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis |
| NGS | Next-generation sequencing |
| NLR/PLR | Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio/Platelet to lymphocyte ratio |
| NOS2 | Nitric oxide synthase 2 |
| NSCLC | Non-small cell lung cancer |
| ORR | Objective response rate |
| PD-(L)1 | Programmed death-(ligand)1 |
| PFS | Progression-free survival |
| POLE/POLD | Polymerase ε/Polymerase δ |
| SOCS | Suppressor of cytokine signaling protein |
| STAT | Signal transducers and activators of transcription |
| TACE | Trans-arterial chemoembolization |
| TC | Tumor cells |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-β |
| TKI | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| TME | Tumor microenvironment |
| TMB | Tumor mutational burden |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor |
| Treg | Regulatory T cell |
| UCC | Urothelial carcinoma |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| WES | Whole exome sequencing |
| WGS | Whole genome sequencing |