Table 1.
Main characteristics of study participants according to sex and training groups (n = 3289).
| Women (n = 1814) | Men (n = 1475) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PI (n = 1588) | RS (n = 198) | SS (n = 28) | PI (n = 1168) | RS (n = 285) | SS (n = 22) | |
| Age, years | 72.6 ± 5.6 | 71.3 ± 4.8 b | 71.5 ± 6.0 | 73.4 ± 5.9 | 71.7 ± 5.3 c | 72.5 ± 5.4 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.2 ± 4.5 | 25.3 ± 4.0 a | 24.5 ± 3.8 | 27.0 ± 3.6 | 25.9 ± 3.2 a | 26.8 ± 3.9 |
| STS test, s | 9.7 ± 3.7 | 7.9 ± 1.8 c | 7.9 ± 1.8 b | 9.1 ± 2.7 | 8.2 ± 2.0 c | 7.8 ± 1.8 |
| IHG, kg | 20.2 ± 5.3 | 21.1 ± 5.1 a | 22.9 ± 8.4 | 34.4 ± 7.9 | 36.5 ± 7.8 c | 35.2 ± 9.1 |
| ASM, kg/m2 | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 5.4 ± 0.9 | 5.3 ± 0.8 | 7.7 ± 0.9 | 7.5 ± 0.8 | 7.3 ± 1.1 |
| Protein intake, g/kg of BW/day | 0.62 ± 0.20 | 0.62 ± 0.18 | 0.64 ± 0.17 | 0.52 ± 0.15 | 0.52 ± 0.21 | 0.52 ± 0.16 |
Abbreviations: ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; BMI, body mass index; BW, body weight; IHG, isometric handgrip strength; PI, physically inactive; STS, sit-to-stand; RS, running and/or swimming; SS, strength training with or without stretching exercises. a p < 0.05 vs. PI; b p < 0.01 vs. PI; c p < 0.001 vs. PI.