Table 2.

Association between training status and sarcopenia in older women (n = 1814).

	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	p-Value	Adjusted OR (95% CI) *	p-Value		Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	p-Value	Adjusted OR (95% CI) *	p-Value
IHG-based sarcopenia					STS-based sarcopenia
PI	1.00 (Reference)	—	1.00 (Reference)	—	PI	1.00 (Reference)	—	1.00 (Reference)	—
RS	1.29 (0.78, 2.13)	0.321	1.30 (0.70, 2.44)	0.397	RS	0.60 (0.16, 2.25)	0.454	0.50 (0.26, 0.95)	0.036
PI	1.00 (Reference)	—	1.00 (Reference)	—	PI	1.00 (Reference)	—	1.00 (Reference)	—
SS	3.10 (0.86, 11.14)	0.082	2.12 (0.54, 8.32)	0.279	SS	0.57 (0.32, 1.00)	0.050	0.57 (0.14, 2.32)	0.435
IHG-based severe sarcopenia					STS-based severe sarcopenia
PI	1.00 (Reference)	—	1.00 (Reference)	—	PI	1.00 (Reference)	—	1.00 (Reference)	—
RS	0.67 (0.31, 1.41)	0.296	0.72 (0.29, 1.80)	0.493	RS	0.65 (0.13, 3.05)	0.585	0.69 (0.13, 3.54)	0.661
PI	1.00 (Reference)	—	1.00 (Reference)	—	PI	1.00 (Reference)	—	1.00 (Reference)	—
SS	0.00 (0.00)	0.999	0.00 (0.00)	0.999	SS	0.41 (0.19, 0.88)	0.023	0.47 (0.19, 1.12)	0.090

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IHG, isometric handgrip strength; OR, odds ratio; PI, physically inactive; RS, running and/or swimming; SS, strength training with or without stretching exercises; STS, sit-to-stand. * Models were adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status, healthy diet, daily protein intake, and walking activity.