Table 1.

A systematic review of all case reports included by the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis criteria.

Authors	Age	Sex	Comorbidities	NF Onset (after BP Therapy)	Control of BP	Previous Therapy	Current Therapy	Diagnostics	Bacteriology	NF Treatment	Evolution
Chamberlain 2003 [29]	85	F	HTA	9 d	Incomplete	TCP, Erythromycin 250 mg ×2	Prednisolone 30 mg/g + Betamethasone 500 µg × 2/d mouth wash, Erythromycin 250 mg ×2	Local findings of NF on the left leg, Laboratory, Microbiology, Ultrasound,	Strep A	Successive surgical debridement, split thickness skin grafting Initial antimicrobe therapy: Vancomycin 1 g ×2 Meropenem 1 g ×3 Additional antimicrobial therapy: cefuroxime 1.5 g ×3 clindamycin 300 mg ×4	Survived (sequel)
Boughrara 2010 [30]	73	M	MI, benign vesical polyps	2 years	Incomplete	?	TCP	Local findings of NF in two localizations: left arm and dorsal side of the right hand, Microbiology	Strep A, Pseudomonas sepsis	Debridement of the left arm and amputation of the right index finger Antimicrobial therapy undisclosed.	Died
Boughrara 2010 [30]	64	F	Obesety, insulin dependant DM	14 d	Incomplete	?	TCP, MTX 15 mg/week	Local findings of NF on the left leg, microbiology	Strep A, MRSA, Acinetobacter	Surgical debridement of the dorsal side of the foot and amputation of two toes. Antimicrobial therapy undisclosed.	Died
Boughrara 2010 [30]	81	M	HTA, insulin ndependat DM, preterminal CRI, COPD	14 d	Incomplete	TCP	TCP, MMF	Local finding of NF on left leg and foot, Microbiology	Strep A	Surgical debridement, Antimicrobial therapy undisclosed.	Died
Doffoel-Hantz 2011 [31]	86	F	Acheimer’s dementia	3 weeks	Incomplete	TCP	TCP	Retiform purpura of the ancle followed by development of necrosis.	Strep A	Broad-spectrum antibiotics, no surgical debridement was performed.	Died
Ekiz 2013 [32]	78	F	HTA	3 weeks		Tetracyclin, Niacinamid, TCP, systemic steroids	Prednisolon 48 mg/d after 2 weeks 32 mg/d,	Local finding of NF on the left leg, laboratory, MRI, Microbiology Histopathology	Strep A.	Surgical debridement, Sulbactam/ampicillin 1 g, oral ciprofloxacin 750 mg 2 × 1, tigecycline	Died
Sene 2014 [33]	52	M	Obesity	35 d	Incomplete	TCP	Prednisolone 100 mg/d, after 2 weeks Prednisolone 60 mg/d and MMF 2 mg/d	Local finding of NF on the left leg, laboratory, Microbiology	Strep A	Surgical debridement, pipera- cillin-tazobactam and vancomycin	Survived
Sene 2014 [33]	76	F	HTA, DM	2 weeks	Incomplete	TCP 30 g/d	TCP 10 g/d, MMF 2 g/d	Local finding of NF on the left leg, laboratory, Microbiology	Strep A, MRSA	Surgical debridement piperacillin-tazobactam, gentamicin, and vancomycin	Died
Noguchi 2018 [34]	69	F	DM,	4 d	Incomplete	Prednisolone 20 mg/d, Cyclosporine 100 mg/d	Prednisolone 40 mg/d, IVIG 4 days latter	Local finding of NF on the insertion point of CVC, Laboratory, Microbiology, CT scan	MSSA	Surgical debridement piperacillin-tazobactam and vancomycin	Survived
Jurisic 2023 [35]	51	M	HTA, DM, Obesity	3 weeks	Incomplete	Undisclosed corticosteroid therapy regimen	?	Local finding of deep tissue necrosis due to advanced disease, CT scan, laboratory, microbiology	Acinetobacter spp. Klebsiella-enterobacter Spp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp. Acinetobacter baumannii complex sepsis (MDR)	Successive surgical debridements, Vancomycin 2 × 1.5 g, Clindamycin 900 mg 3 × 1 and Meropenem 3 × 1 g Additional antimicrobial therapy: Colistimethate-sodium 3 × 3,000,000ij	Died

Abbreviations: Strep A—Streptococcus group A, MRSA—Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus au reus, MSSA—Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, TCP—topical clobetasol propionate 0.5%, HTA—hypertension, MI—myocardial infarction, MTX—Methotrexate, CRI—chronic renal insufficiency, COPD—Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, MMF—Mofetil mycophenolate, MRI—magnetic resonance imaging, CVC—central venous catheter, MDR—multi-drug resistant.