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Time courses of the various metabolites observed by in vivo 13C NMR spectroscopy during [2-13C]pyruvate metabolism by P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii cells. (a) Symbols: ✠, pyruvate C-2; □, acetate C-1; ■, acetate C-2; ○, propionate C-3; ●, propionate C-2; ⧫, succinate C-2; ▴, pyruvate C-3. (b) Symbols: ✠, pyruvate C-2; ▴, pyruvate C-3; ■, glutamate C-3; □, glutamate C-2. (c) Symbols: ✠, pyruvate C-2; ▴, pyruvate C-3; ○, alanine C-2; ⧫, malate C-3. au, arbitrary units.
