Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and outcome variables of patients according to the COVID-19 phenotype *.
| PHENOTYPE A (n = 407; 60%) | PHENOTYPE B (n = 244; 24%) |
PHENOTYPE C (n = 163; 16%) | p ¥ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, (median (IQR)) | 81 (65–97) | 62 (47–79) | 63 (47–80) | <0.001 |
| Gender, males, (n, %) | 221 (54.3%) | 131 (53.7%) | 78 (47.9%) | 0.08 |
| Previous Medical Comorbidities | ||||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (n, %) | 37 (9.1%) | 18 (7.4%) | 14 (8.9%) | 0.528 |
| Asthma (n, %) | 18 (4.4%) | 8 (3.3%) | 5 (3.1%) | 0.347 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease (n, %) | 89 (21.9%) | 29 (11.9%) | 23 (14.1%) | 0.125 |
| Obesity (n, %) | 64 (15.7%) | 36 (14.8%) | 27 (16.7%) | 0.214 |
| Diabetes Mellitus (n, %) | 129 (31.7%) | 82 (33.6%) | 47 (28.8%) | 0.08 |
| Ischemic Cardiopathy (n, %) | 147 (36.1%) | 64 (26.2%) | 39 (23.9%) | 0.04 |
| SOFA at admission (median (IQR)) | 10 (5; 13) | 3 (2; 5) | 1 (0; 3) | <0.001 |
| SAPS III at admission (mean ± SD) | 78 ± 10 | 50 ± 7 | 47 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| Mechanical Ventilation (n, %) | 173 (42.5%) | 11 (4.6%) | 11 (6.9%) | <0.001 |
| Vasopressor Support (n, %) | 112 (27.5%) | 38 (15.6%) | 38 (14.4%) | <0.001 |
| Renal replacement therapy (n, %) | 58 (14.2%) | 19 (7.8%) | 19 (11.6%) | 0.152 |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| C reactive Protein at admission, mg/dL (median (IQR)) | 32.3 (24.8; 81.5) | 20.0 (10.3; 40.6) | 17.20 (4.0; 23.7) | 0.013 |
| Max registered C-Reactive protein, mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 32.3 ± 11.0 | 25.3 ± 10.4 | 18.6 ± 12.5 | <0.001 |
| Procalcitonin at admission, ng/mL (median (IQR)) | 3.30 (0.55; 3.35) | 0.17 (0.05; 0.23) | 0.22 (0.12; 0.23) | <0.001 |
| Max registered Procalcitonin, ng/mL (median (IQR)) | 9.73 (0.86; 13.54) | 0.34 (0.06; 0.74) | 1.30 (0.70; 1.40) | <0.001 |
| D-dimer level at admission, ng/mL (median (IQR)) | 1165 (587; 1663) | 610 (97; 753) | 202 (119; 262) | 0.003 |
| Max D-dimer registered, ng/mL (median (IQR) | 2778 (875; 3822) | 655 (48; 1305) | 303 (78; 307) | 0.018 |
| Minimum Leucocyte count registered, ×109 (mean ± SD) | 11.0 ± 7.09 | 5.0 ± 2.03 | 5.3 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| Minimum Lymphocyte count registered, ×109 (median (IQR)) | 0.52 (0.32; 0.62) | 0.36 (0.12; 0.39) | 0.57 (0.68; 1.09) | 0.146 |
| IL-6 serum levels, mg/mL (median (IQR)) | 57.9 (5.7; 61.0) | 35.4 (6.6; 42.7) | 41.0 (16.0; 49.0) | 0.01 |
| Remdesivir, (n, %) | 359 (88.2%) | 243 (99.6%) | 147 (90.2%) | 0.167 |
| Corticosteroid therapy (n, %) |
176 (43.2%) | 137 (97.9%) | 147 (90.0%) | 0.001 |
| Ventilator-free days, days, (median (IQR)) | 23 (20; 24) | 12 (4; 20) | 10 (4; 17) | 0.001 |
| ICU length of stay, days, (median (IQR)) | 14 (11; 15) | 6 (5; 11) | 10 (3; 10) | <0.001 |
| Hospital Length of stay, days, (mean ± sd) | 18 (7; 20) | 9 (1; 14) | 13 (2; 14) | 0.001 |
* IQR denotes Interquartile range and SD denotes standard deviation. ¥ p-values were determined using Chi-square test, ANOVA test and Kruskal-Wallis H test.