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. 2023 Apr 20;15(8):1989. doi: 10.3390/nu15081989

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Conversion of phytochemicals by the colonic microbiota. Biotransformation by (A) Clostridiales, Ruminococcaceae; (B) Enterococcus casseliflavus CP1, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron; (C) Escherichia coli; (D) Streptococcus intermedius, Bacteroides ovatus, Ruminococcus productus; (E) Escherichia fergusonii, Escherichia coli; (F) Clostridium, Eubacterium; (G) Clostridium, Eubacterium; (H) not determined; (I) Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus; (J) not determined; and (K) Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium.