Figure 4.

The effects of the thioredoxin system mutations on bacterial motility and flagellum formation. (A) The swimming of Edwardsiella piscicida. WT, ΔtrxB, ΔtrxA, and ΔtrxC were cultured in LB medium to an OD₆₀₀ of 0.6, and 1 μL cell suspensions were spotted onto the center of swimming plates containing LB medium plus 0.3% (w/v) agar. The plates were incubated at 28 °C for 24 h, and the motility zone diameter was measured. (B) The swarming of E. piscicida. Bacteria as described above were spotted onto the center of swimming plates containing LB medium plus 0.6% (w/v) agar and were incubated at 28 °C for 24 h. (C), the flagellum observation of E. piscicida. WT, ΔtrxB, ΔtrxA and ΔtrxC were grown in LB medium, and the flagella were observed using the TEM. Data are presented as the means ± SEM (N = 3). N, the number of times the experiments were performed. p values were obtained by analysis of variance using SPSS 23.