Table 2.
Clinical details of PCR confirmed group 1 COVID-19 patient and first-wave patients with comparison to PCR-negative controls with signs of infection.
| Clinical Parameters | Group 1 COVID-19 Patients (Data%) cf Denotes First Wave | Group 2 Non-COVID-19 Controls (%) | p-Value * |
|---|---|---|---|
| Severity of disease | 14 no signs/mild; 12 severe (96) | 29 mild 15 severe (96) | NSS |
| Days of hospital stay | 5.81 ± 8.66 cf 6 (4–11.5) | 1.09 ± 4.4 | <0.02 |
| ICCU admission | 4 yes 23 no 14.8% cf 37.1% | 0% (OR 7.83 [0.83–76.11]) | =0.017 |
| Pulse oximetry % | 94.2 ± 5.2 | 96.1 ± 2.2 p = 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Hemoglobin 12.5–15 d/dL | 12.2 ± 2.6 | 12.5 ± 2.5 p = 0.67 | 0.67 |
| D-dimer 200–250 ng/dL | 1993 ± 2683 cf median 508 | 1145 ± 1435 | 0.22 |
| CRP | 10 yes 0 no (100%) | 8 yes 14 no (36) (RR 2.75 [1.58–9.78]) | <0.002 |
| Ferritin ng/mL | 1127 ± 1598 cf 2000 | 167 ± 142 | 0.062 |
| Platelets × 107/L | 202,046 ± 56,591 cf 173,000 | 226,222 ± 85,853 | 0.24 |
| Absolute monocytes × 107/L | 0.734 ± 0.892 | 0.684 ± 0.330 | 0.71 |
| Absolute lymphocyte × 107/L | 1.224 ± 0.646 cf 0.9 | 1.646 ± 0.633 | =0.014 |
| Ratio abs m/abs ly | 1.005 ± 1.716 | 0.473 ± 0.374 | 0.17 |
| Ratio abs ly/abs m | 2.305 ± 1.179 | 2.863 ± 1.478 | 0.13 |
| LDH | 391 ± 142 | 355 ± 162 | 0.60 |
| Supplemental oxygen | 11 yes 16 no (41%) cf 83.5% | 2 yes 43 no (4%) OR 14.78 (2.95–74.12) | <0.0002 |
| Remdesivir/chloroquine | 3 of 27 each (11% each) cf 69.6% | N/A | N/A |
| Steroids | 6 yes 21 no (22%) cf 34.2% | 1 yes 44 no OR 12.86 (1.45–113.68) | <0.009 |
| NSAIDs | 14 yes 13 no (56%) | 25 yes 20 no (56%) | NS |
| BMI (kg/square meter height) | 32.5 ± 5.823 cf 30.7 ± 7.6 | 30.1 ± 5.4 | 0.20 |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 | 15 yes 11 no (58%) cf 60.8% | 22 yes 24 no (48%) | 0.47 |
Incorporates symptoms, oxygen use, CXR findings, and mortality. * Statistically significant values shown in bold. Italicized p-value data are shown from a descriptive paper of 79 patients from the first COVID-19 wave, 10 March 2020 to 6 April 2020, at the same institution for comparison (cf), where applicable [17]. Our patients were older with a mean 72 versus 69 years; despite the differences, the mortality was higher, 18.5 versus 25.3%, respectively, but this was at a point in time when treatment modalities were at a preliminary juncture with higher comorbidities/inflammatory markers. There may be overlap in the patient groups, as we had no access to patient identities in that study. NSS—not statistically significant.