AS	Ashworth Scale
BoNT	botulinum neurotoxin
DAS	Disability Assessment Scale
Dbar	posterior mean of the residual deviance
DIC	Deviance Information Criterion
EQ-5D	Quality-of-Life Scale
EMG	electromyography
ES	electrical stimulation
f	female
GRADE	Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation
m	male
MAS	Modified Ashworth Scale
MCMC	Markov Chain Monte Carlo
MD	mean difference
MNP	manual needle placement
n	number
NA	not available
NMA	Network meta-analysis model
pD	effective degrees of freedom
PRISMA	Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PROM	ankle passive dorsiflexion range of motion
RCT	Randomized controlled trial
RoB 2 tool	revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized studies
RMS-EMG	root mean square of surface electromyographic activity during the Ashworth maneuver
RT	Randomized trial
sd/SD	standard deviation
SUCRA	surface under the cumulative ranking curve
TCA	Tardieu catch angle
TSA	Tardieu spasticity angle
U	units
UME	unrelated mean effect
US	ultrasound
w	week
10 mWT	10 m walking test
95% CrI	Credible interval