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. 2023 Apr 12;15(8):1854. doi: 10.3390/nu15081854

Figure 1.

Figure 1

ERS, downstream UPR pathways, and cell fate. Abbreviations: ℗, phosphorylated; ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1; ATF4, activating transcription factor 4; ATF6, activating transcription factor 6; ATF6f, ATF6 fragment or cleaved form; CHOP, CAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; eIF2α, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α subunit; ERAD, ER-associated degradation; ERS, endoplasmic reticulum stress; GRP78, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein; IRE1α, inositol requiring element 1α; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PERK, protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase; TRB3, tribbles 3; Xbp1, X-box binding protein 1. The figure was created by authors using BioRender.com on 4 April 2023.