Table 1.
UPDRS-MDS-III (modified) results of all participants and responders to active PBM treatment and sham treatment.
| Group | Baseline Mean (SD) |
12-Week Mean (SD) |
Mean Difference | Paired t-Test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean % Improvement | T Score | p Value | |||||
| UPDRS scores for all participants (df: active = 19; sham = 17) | |||||||
| Total score | Active | 21.35 (9.43) | 16.45 (9.48) | −4.90 (7.67) | 23% | 2.84 | 0.010 * |
| Sham | 26.00 (13.81) | 20.47 (12.83) | −5.52 (7.93) | 21% | 2.85 | 0.011 * | |
| Facial | Active | 2.26 (1.44) | 1.73 (1.66) | −0.53 (0.77) | 23% | 2.92 | 0.008 * |
| Sham | 2.24 (1.44) | 1.88 (1.49) | −0.36 (0.93) | 16% | 1.56 | 0.138 | |
| Upper limb | Active | 6.63 (3.53) | 4.84 (3.82) | −1.79 (3.88) | 27% | 1.84 | 0.060 |
| Sham | 7.24 (4.68) | 6.59 (4.87) | −0.64 (3.37) | 9% | 0.79 | 0.440 | |
| Lower limb | Active | 4.26 (2.51) | 2.47 (2.38) | −2.26 (2.62) | 53% | 2.61 | 0.017 * |
| Sham | 6.24 (3.68) | 3.88 (2.29) | −2.36 (3.16) | 38% | 3.04 | 0.007 * | |
| Gait | Active | 3.37 (1.54) | 2.79 (1.87) | −0.58 (1.46) | 17% | 1.87 | 0.102 |
| Sham | 5.00 (2.80) | 3.65 (2.85) | −1.35 (2.57) | 27% | 2.16 | 0.046 * | |
| Tremor | Active | 4.84 (3.48) | 4.11 (2.96) | −0.74 (2.58) | 15% | 0.51 | 0.229 |
| Sham | 5.29 (5.59) | 4.47 (4.45) | −0.82 (3.6) | 16% | 0.93 | 0.361 | |
| UPDRS scores for responders (df: active = 13; sham = 9) | |||||||
| Total | Active | 22.86 (10.39) | 14.57 (8.87) | −8.29 (5.17) | 36% | 6.00 | <0.001 * |
| score | Sham | 29.80 10.39) | 18.80 (14.31) | −11.00 (2.98) | 37% | 11.67 | <0.001 * |
| Facial | Active | 2.07 (1.38) | 1.50 (1.51) | −0.57 (0.76) | 28% | 2.83 | 0.014 * |
| Sham | 2.10 (1.52) | 1.50 (1.43) | −0.60 (0.97) | 29% | 1.97 | 0.081 | |
| Upper Limb | Active | 7.07 (3.73) | 4.29 (3.58) | −2.79 (3.89) | 40% | 2.68 | 0.019 * |
| Sham | 8.30 (5.31) | 6.30 (5.25) | −2.00 (2.91) | 24% | 2.18 | 0.058 | |
| Lower Limb | Active | 4.29 (2.73) | 1.79 (2.12) | −2.50 (2.41) | 58% | 3.88 | 0.002 * |
| Sham | 7.60 (3.57) | 3.70 (2.41) | −3.90 (2.57) | 51% | 4.82 | 0.001 * | |
| Gait | Active | 3.57 (1.40) | 2.57 (1.79) | −1.00 (1.24) | 28% | 3.01 | 0.010 * |
| Sham | 5.60 (2.99) | 3.60 (2.91 | −2.00 (2.98) | 36% | 2.12 | 0.063 | |
| Tremor | Active | 5.86 (3.39) | 4.43 (3.03) | −1.43 (2.34) | 24% | 2.28 | 0.040 * |
| Sham | 6.20 (6.51) | 3.70 (4.53) | −2.50 (3.63) | 40% | 2.18 | 0.057 | |
SD = standard deviation; df = degrees of freedom; * = significant at p = 0.05.