Table 1.
Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between HIV/MDD subgroups.
| HIV−/MDD− (a) | HIV−/MDD+ (b) | HIV+/MDD− (c) | HIV+/MDD+ (d) | Group Significance (α = 0.05) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 23 | 44 | 18 | 66 | |
| Age 1 | 45.7 (13.5) | 45.0 (12.6) | 44.5 (14.3) | 46.1 (11.3) | |
| Education 1 | 14.4 (2.7) | 13.6 (2.7) | 13.8 (2.0) | 13.4 (2.5) | |
| Male, n (%) | 20 (87%) | 30 (68%) | 16 (89%) | 58 (88%) | b < d |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
| African American | 4 (17%) | 4 (9%) | 1 (6%) | 13 (20%) | |
| Caucasian | 14 (61%) | 32 (73%) | 10 (55%) | 34 (51%) | b > d |
| Hispanic | 4 (17%) | 5 (11%) | 5 (28%) | 16 (24%) | |
| Other | 1 (5%) | 3 (7%) | 2 (11%) | 3 (5%) | |
| Estimate premorbid verbal IQ 1 | 103.2 (13.7) | 103.9 (14.2) | 100 (15.2) | 100.4 (11.9) | |
| Sexual orientation, n (%) | |||||
| Bisexual | 0 (0%) | 8 (18%) | 3 (18%) | 6 (9%) | |
| Heterosexual | 12 (55%) | 28 (64%) | 2 (12%) | 13 (20%) | a, b > c, d |
| Homosexual | 11 (45%) | 8 (18%) | 13 (70%) | 47 (71%) | |
| AIDS, n (%) | 6 (33%) | 30 (45%) | |||
| Estimated duration of infection (years) 1 | 8.5 (7.6) | 13.1 (8.2) | c < d | ||
| Nadir CD4+ T-cell count 2 | 319 (105–5141) | 234 (147–350) | |||
| CD4+ T-cell count 2 | 660 (426–9361) | 639 (492–7681) | |||
| Undetectable plasma on ART, n (%) | 16 (89%) | 63 (95%) | |||
| Undetectable CSF on ART, n (%) | 18 (100%) | 57 (87%) | |||
| ART status, n (%) | |||||
| On ART | 17 (94%) | 64 (97%) | |||
| ARV regimen type | |||||
| NNRTIs + NRTIs | 7 (39%) | 22 (33%) | |||
| NRTIs + IIs | 6 (33%) | 12 (18%) | |||
| NRTIs + PIs | 1 (5%) | 25 (38%) | |||
| NRTIs | 1 (5%) | 2 (3%) | |||
| Other | 2 (11%) | 3 (5%) | |||
| Off ART | 1 (6%) | 2 (3%) | |||
| Employed, n (%) | 11 (45%) | 19 (43%) | 9 (50%) | 26 (40%) | |
| Lifetime any substance diagnosis | 12 (52%) | 38 (86%) | 9 (50%) | 55 (66) | |
| Current substance use diagnosis | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Beck Depression Inventory-II 1 | 6.61 (8.83) | 14.57 (12.59) | 5.57 (5.91) | 15.88 (10.57) | b > a, c; d > a, c |
| Microbial DNA concentration (ng/μL) 2 | 0.58 (0.21–0.99) | 0.44 (0.21–0.95) | 0.27 (0.22–0.43) | 0.45 (0.31–0.82) | |
| % Microbial DNA 2 | 3.4 (2.3–4.51) | 2.8 (2.0–4.8) | 3.5 (2.2–6.5) | 3.2 (2.3–4.5) |
Student’s t-tests were used for all normally distributed continuous variables (age, education, estimate verbal IQ, estimated duration of HIV infection; Wilcoxon tests were used for nadir CD4, current CD4, microbial DNA concentration, and % microbial DNA; chi-square tests used for all nominal variables (% Caucasian, % AIDS, % undetectable plasma on ART, % undetectable CSF on ART, % bisexual and/or homosexual, ART status, lifetime (LT) any substance diagnosis). ART: antiretroviral therapy, NNRTIs: non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, NRTIs: nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, IIs: integrase inhibitors, PIs: protease inhibitors. The final column, Group Significance, indicates if the groups show a significant difference (alpha = 0.05) and in which direction. 1 mean (SD); 2 median (IQR).