Table 3.
Measures of health-related quality of life and physical performance at each assessment timepoint.
| Variable | Baseline (T0) (n = 12) |
Post-Exercise Intervention (T1) (n = 12) |
4–5 Weeks after Surgery (T2) (n = 12) |
p-Value (Time Effect) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) or Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) or Median (IQR) | Change (95% CI); ΔT1−T0 |
Mean (SD) or Median (IQR) | Change (95% CI); ΔT2−T0 |
||
| HRQOL (EORTC-QLQ-C30 scales) § | ||||||
| Physical Functioning a | 84.5 (11.4) | 87.3 (10.8) | 2.8 (0 to 5.6) | 72.8 (16.1) | −11.6 (−26 to 2.8) | 0.007 * |
| Role Functioning b | 100 (75–100) | 100 (100–100) | 8.3 (0 to 16.5) | 91.5 (67–100) | −8.5 (−33.5 to 16.5) | 0.166 |
| Social Functioning b | 100 (83.3–100) | 100 (100–100) | 0 (−8 to 8.3) | 100 (83.5–100) | 0 (−25 to 8.3) | 0.646 |
| Emotional Functioning a | 77.1 (20.8) | 79.9 (16.5) | 2.9 (−8.8 to 14.6) | 81.9 (15.4) | 4.9 (−16.7 to 26.4) | 0.662 |
| Cognitive Functioning b | 100 (83.2–100) | 100 (83–100) | 0 (−1.7 to 8) | 83 (83–100) | −0.3 (−17 to 8.3) | 0.459 |
| Global health status a | 62.5 (20.2) | 67.4 (20.8) | 4.9 (−11.4 to 21.2) | 71.5 (16.5) | 9 (−16.3 to 34.3) | 0.498 |
| Fatigue b | 22.1 (0–33) | 0 (0–16.5) | −11 (−16.7 to 0) | 22 (16.5 to 33) | 5.4 (−11 to 27.5) | 0.044 * |
| Pain b | 0 (0–8.5) | 0 (0–17.5) | 0 (−8 to 8.5) | 17 (0–33.5) | 17 (−8 to 41.5) | 0.391 |
| Dyspnea b | 0 (0–33.2) | 0 (0–16.5) | 0 (−0.2 to 0) | 0 (0–33) | 8.3 (−0.2 to 33) | 0.129 |
| Nausea and vomiting b | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0 to 0) | NA |
| Insomnia b | 16.5 (0–33.2) | 0 (0–33) | 0 (−16.5 to 0) | 16.5 (0–50) | 0 (−16.7 to 33.5) | 0.354 |
| Appetite loss b | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0–16.5) | 0 (0 to 33.5) | NA |
| Constipation b | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–16.5) | 0 (−0.2 to 0.2) | 0 (0–50) | 0.2 (0 to 33) | 0.099 |
| Diarrhea b | 0 (0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0 to 0) | NA |
| Summary Score a | 89.5 (6.5) | 92.3 (6) | 2.9 (0.9 to 4.8) * | 82 (14) | −7.5 (−22 to 7) | 0.049 * |
| Physical performance | ||||||
| Incremental shuttle walk test (m) a | 451.7 (117) | 511.3 (168.4) | 57.5 (−5.5 to 120.5) | 375.4 (170) | −76.3 (−193.3 to 40.8) | 0.059 |
| Handgrip strength, right hand (kg) a | 33.4 (8.3) | 35.6 (9.7) | 2.2 (−1 to 5.3) | 34.6 (8.2) | 1.2 (−2.5 to 4.8) | 0.288 |
| Handgrip strength, left hand (kg) a | 33.2 (10.4) | 34.7 (10.3) | 1.5 (0 to 3) | 33.3 (9.1) | 0.2 (−4.8 to 5.1) | 0.434 |
| Five-times sit-to-stand (s) b | 7.8 (7.1–9.6) | 7.2 (5–7.9) | −1.5 (−2.1 to −0.9) * | 7.1 (6.6 to 8) | −0.6 (−2.4 to 1) | 0.006 * |
Legend: CI (confidence interval); EORTC-QLQ-30 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30); HRQOL (health-related quality of life); NA (not applicable). § Higher scores in functioning scales, global health status and summary score denote better health; higher scores in symptom scales denote worse health. a Results are expressed as medians (interquartile ranges) and median change (95% CI); p-value was calculated using the nonparametric Friedman’s test. b Results are expressed as mean (standard deviation) and mean change (95% CI); p-value was calculated using the repeated measures ANOVA. * Indicates significant differences from baseline (p < 0.05).