Figure 10.

rMS triggers the expression and release of plasticity-promoting microglial factors. A-C, Left panels, group data of mRNA levels of (A) TNFα, (B) IL6, and (C) CXCL1 in nondepleted cultures and microglia-depleted cultures (PLX3397-treated cultures) 3 h after 10 Hz rMS and sham stimulation (n_{control mRNA} = 6 cultures, respectively, for each experimental condition, n_{PLX3397 mRNA sham} = 6 cultures, n_{PLX3397 mRNA rMS} = 7 cultures; Mann–Whitney test, U_{control Tnf mRNA} = 2, U_{control Il6 mRNA} = 2, U_{control Cxcl1 mRNA} = 3; for detailed statistical assessment, see Extended Data Table 10-1). Right panels, group data of protein levels of (A) TNFα, (B) IL6, and (C) CXCL1 in culturing medium of nondepleted cultures and microglia-depleted cultures (PLX3397-treated cultures) 3 h after 10 Hz rMS and sham stimulation (n_{control protein} = 6 culturing medium samples, respectively, for each experimental condition, n _{PLX3397 protein} = 8 culturing medium samples, respectively, for each experimental condition; Mann–Whitney test, U_{control TNF protein} = 2, U_{control IL6 protein} = 2, U_{control CXCL1 protein} = 0; for detailed statistical assessment, see Extended Data Table 10-1). D-F, Correlation of mRNA levels and protein levels of TNFα (D), IL6 (E), and CXCL1 (F) in nondepleted control cultures (left panels) and microglia-depleted (PLX3397-treated, right panels) cultures 3 h after 10 Hz rMS and sham stimulation (n_control = 6 cultures or culturing medium samples, respectively, for each experimental condition, n_PLX3397-sham = 6 cultures or culturing medium samples, n_PLX3397-rMS = 7 cultures or culturing medium samples; for detailed statistical assessment, see Extended Data Table 10-2). Gray dots represent individual data points. Data are mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001.