FIGURE 5.

Myeloid GSDMD promoted release of IL-1β-containing small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). LysM-Cre Gsdmd^f/f and Gsdmd^f/f mice (n=6) were exposed to Gao-binge ethanol feeding. (A) H&E staining for liver histology. (B) ALT activity in plasma. (C) Hepatic triglyceride content. (D) IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα, and SAA1 mRNA expression. (E) sEVs from liver explants cultures were quantified by ZetaView, as described in Figure 4. (F) sEV numbers were equalized, and the concentration of IL-1β was measured by ELISA. Data represent mean±SEM. ANOVA. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; EtOH, ethanol; GSDMD, gasdermin D.