Table 3.

Efficacy of Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin COVID-19 vaccines in the prevention of COVID-19 cases and hospital admission.

Author Name, Year	Country, Type of Study	Age Range	Efficacy
Sinopharm Vaccine
WHO, 2022 [10] Facts sheet [11]	China, RCT phase 3	18–59 years	Efficacy after 2 doses with 14–21-day interval was 79% (CI: 66–87%)
AlHosani et al., 2022 [29]	UAE, cohort study	15 years and above	Prevent hospitalization = 79.8% (78~81.4%); critical care = 92.2% (89.7~94.1%; deaths = 97.1% (83~99.9%)
Mousa et al., 2022 [30]	UAE, evidence-based	3782, above 18 years	Full vaccination prevents hospital admission against Delta variant = 95% (94–97%)
Al-Momani et al., 2022 [31]	Jordan, cross-sectional	536, over 18 years	Sinopharm vaccine efficacy was 67% (95% CI 52–78%)
Al Kaabi et al., 2021 [32]	Asia, phase 3 trial	40,382 participants	72.8% (95% CI, 58.1–82.4%) for WIV04 and 78.1% (95% CI, 64.8–86.3%) for HB02 symptomatic COVID-19 cases
Al Kaabi et al., 2021 [33]	UAE, randomized phase 3 trial	3,147,869 adults >18 years	Effectiveness was 79.6% (CI: 77.7–81.3) against hospitalization, 86% (CI: 82.2–89.0) against critical care admission, and 84.1% (CI: 70.8–91.3) against death due to COVID-19
Silva-Valencia et al., 2021 [34]	Peru, retrospective		Infection 40.3% (38.9–41.6%); COVID-19 mortality 88.7% (85.1–91.4%)
Silva-Valencia et al., 2021 [35]	Peru, cohort study		Effectiveness was 50% (CI: 49–52%) against infection and 94% (95% CI: 91–96%) against COVID-19-allied mortality
Nadeem et al., 2022 [36]	Case-control, Pakistan	3426, aged >60 years	Efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 infection was 94.3%
Rearte et al., 2022 [37]	Retrospective, Argentina	237,330, >60 years old	Efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 infection was 85.0% (84.0–86.0)
CoronaVac/Sinovac Vaccine
Wei et al., 2022 [38]	Case-control, Hong Kong	32,823 cases ≥65 years	Hospitalization 74.0% (95% CI, 71.8–75.8%). Deaths 86.4% (95% CI, 85.8–87.0%)
Wong et al., 2023 [39]	National data, Malaysia	1,158,235 >18 years	CoronaVac is 88.8% (CI 95%: 84.9, 91.7)
Jara et al., 2022 [40]	Chile, Cohort ≥18 years	10.2 million	Overall efficacy was 65.9% (65.2–66.6); for prevention of hospitalization, it was 87.5% (86.7–88.2); for ICU admission, it was 90.3% (CI: 89.1–91.4); for COVID deaths, it was 86.3% (CI: 84.5–87.9)
Tanriover et al., 2021, [41]	Turkey, RCT	13,000 RCT ≥18 years	Protection against symptomatic disease 83.5% (65–92); 100% (65–92); hospitalization 100% (20–100)
Fadlyana et al., 2021 [42]	Indonesia, RCT	1620 ≥18 years	Protection against symptomatic disease 65% (20–85)
Palacios et al., 2021 [43]	Brazil, RCT	12,688 ≥ 18 years	Protection against symptomatic disease 51% (36–62); protection against hospitalization 100% (56–100)
Vokó et al., 2022 [44]	Hungry, retrospective	895,465	Estimated effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection was 68.7% (95% CI 67.2%-70.1%)
Cerqueira-Silva et al., 2022 [45]	Brazil, case control	14,362,482	Efficacy at 14–30 days after the second dose was 55.0% (CI: 54.3–55.7) against confirmed infection and 82.1% (95% CI: 81.4–82.8) against severe outcomes (mean 68.55)
Covaxin Vaccine
WHO [14,15]	-	-	68%; all variants of COVID-19 were 71% (CI: 50–84); Kappa 90% (95% CI: 30–100); and Delta 65% (95% CI: 33–83).
Zare et al., 2022 [46]	Iran	214 people 19–64 years	67%
Behera et al., 2022 [47]	Case-control study, India	670 people, 29.1 years	After age and gender adjustment, vaccine effectiveness was 22% CI: 0.52–1.17; 29% (CI: 0.47–1.08)
Ella et al., 2021 [48]	Phase 3 clinical trial	25,798, age ≥ 18 years	Overall vaccine efficacy was 77·8% (95% CI 65·2–86·4).
Malhotra et al., 2022 [49]	Retrospective cohort, India	15,244 HCWs, age 36.6 years	The efficacy against the infection was 86% (95% CI, 77–92%)
Desai et al., 2022 [50]	Case-control study, India	3732 > 18 years	Adjusted efficacy against symptomatic cases after 2 doses was 50% (95% CI 33–62)