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. 2023 Apr 6;9(4):448. doi: 10.3390/jof9040448

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with germlings from Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, or Sporothrix globosa. For tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 10 (IL-10), human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were co-incubated for 24 h with conidia previously subjected to the indicated treatments (see Materials and Methods for details). Alternatively, for interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interleukin 22 (IL-22) stimulation, the human cells were co-incubated with the UV-killed fungal cells or subjected to the indicated treatments. In all cases, the interactions were centrifuged, supernatants collected, and cytokines quantified by ELISA. UVK—UV-killed cells; HK—heat-killed cells; Endo-H—treatment with endoglycosidase H. Results are the median ± standard deviation from data generated with samples from eight donors, analyzed in duplicate. * p < 0.05 when compared with the cytokine level stimulated by live or UV-killed cells.