Figure 9.

Cytokine profiles of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, or Sporothrix globosa. When human cells interact with S. schenckii, there is an increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and low IL-10 stimulation. In the case of S. brasiliensis, there is a low stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines but high levels of IL-10. A similar cytokine profile was observed when human PBMCs were stimulated with S. globosa, with the exception of IL-1β. The receptors involved in the sensing of these three fungal species are mannose receptor (MR), TLR2, dectin-1, and TLR4; however, this last one is dispensable for cytokine stimulation by S. globosa.