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. 2023 Apr 21;28(8):3639. doi: 10.3390/molecules28083639

Table 2.

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of isolated components from the Droseraceae and Nepenthaceae families.

Compound Species Antibacterial/Antifungal Effect Ref
ramentaceone Dr. aliciae E. faecalis MBC: 0.1 mg/mL;
S. aureus MBC: 0.05 mg/mL;
E. coli MBC: 0.08–0.165 mg/mL;
K. pneumoniae MBC: >0.4 mg/mL;
P. aeruginosa MBC: >0.4 mg/mL		 [47]
plumbagin Dr. peltata var. lunata R. oryzae MIC: 5, MFC: 20 µg/mL;
Aspergillus flavus MIC: 5 MFC 20 µg/mL;
A. niger MIC: 5 MFC: 20 µg/mL;
A. oryzae MIC: 0.625, MFC: 2.5 µg/mL;
P. citrinum MIC: 0.625, MFC: 0.625 µg/mL		 [54]
plumbagin Dr. intermedia A. fumigatus MIC: 0.08 μg/mL;
A. flavus MIC: 0.98 μg/mL;
A. niger, A. parasiticus, P. expansum MIC: 1.95 μg/mL;
Z. bailii MIC: 2.00 μg/mL;
S. cerevisiae MIC: 7.80 μg/mL;
D. hansenii, P. membranaefaciens: MIC 3.90 μg/mL		 [55]
plumbagin
3-chloroplumbagin
3,3′-di-O-methyl ellagic acid
droserone		 Dr. binata S. aureus MBC: 16 µg/mL;
S. aureus MBC: 32 µg/mL;
S. aureus MBC: >128 µg/mL;
S. aureus MBC: >128 µg/mL;		 [68]
naringenin-6-C-β-D
-glucopyranoside		 Dr. magna S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumanii, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, C. neoformans: 100% inhibition at 32 µg/mL [56]
hirsutrin Dr. magna S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumanii, C. neoformans: 100% inhibition at 32 µg/mL; P. aeruginosa: 79% inhibition at 32 µg/mL [56]
hydroxydroserone Dr. magna C. albicans: 98% inhibition at 8 μg/mL;
C. neoformans: 100% inhibition at 4 μg/mL,		 [56]
plumbagin Dr. magna S. aureus: 96% inhibition at <0.2 μg/mL C. neoformans: 100% inhibition at 8 μg/mL, [56]
plumbagin N. gracilis C. albicans, I. orientalis MIC: 2 µg/mL (MFC: 2 µg/mL);
T. mentagrophytes MIC: 2 µg/mL (MFC: 4 µg/mL);
C. parapsilosis MIC: 8 µg/mL (MFC: 16 µg/mL);
C. neoformans MIC: 4 µg/mL (MFC: 8 µg/mL);
A. brasiliensis MIC: 31 µg/mL (MFC: 63 µg/mL)		 [60]
7-methyl juglone Dr. rotundifolia E. coli MIC: 250–333 µg/mL [52]
plumbagin Dr. rotundifolia E. coli MIC: 104–208 µg/mL [52]

MIC—minimal inhibitory concentration; MBC—minimum bactericidal; MFC—minimal fungicidal concentration.