Table 6.
Species/Extract | Activity | Experimental Model | Effect | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dr. rotundifolia/ethanol | impact on respiratory tract | bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) | ↑ cell viability ca 6.9%, ↑ epidermal growth factors, ↑ proteins related with detoxification, ↑ cytokines |
[142] |
Dr. rotundifolia/water (w), 70 ethanol (e) | antispasmodic | guinea-pig ileum induced with carbachol (M3 receptor) | 0.5 mg/mL depressed the response to carbachol to 86% (w) and to 64% (e) | [131] |
Dr. madagascariensis/70% ethanol | antispasmodic | guinea-pig ileum induced with carbachol/histamine/PGF2á (M3, H1, contractile prostanoid receptors, respectively) | M3: 0.5 mg/mL depressed the response to 72%, and 1 mg/mL to 35% H1: 0.5 mg/mL depressed the response to 75% PGF2á: no effect |
[130] |
Dr. rotundifolia/90% ethanol (e), aqueous fraction (w) | antispasmodic | tracheal slices of C57BL/6N mice | ↓ acetylcholine-induced contractions (e,w); ↓ K+ induced contraction (w) | [143] |
Dr. rotundifolia/90% ethanol, aqueous fraction | ciliary beat frequency | tracheal slices of C57BL/6N mice | ↑ciliary beat frequency | [143] |
Dr. rotundifolia, Dr. tokaiensis, Dr. spatulata, Dr. peltata/80% methanol | antiaging | ribose-gelatin mixture | 10,20,50 µg/mL: ↓ formation of CMA and CML | [156] |
Dr. burmannii/90% ethanol | antiepileptic | mice with pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures | 500 mg/kg bw: delaying the onset of convulsions, shortening the duration of seizures | [157] |
Dr. burmannii/70% methanol | hepatoprotective | iron-overloaded Swiss albino mice | ↓ ALAT, ↓ ASAT, ↓ ALP, ↓ bilirubin ↑ SOD, ↑ CAT, ↑ GST, ↑ GSH ↓ liver iron, ↓ serum ferritin ↓ lipid and protein peroxidation ↓ collagen content restoration of healthy liver |
[140] |
Dr. burmannii/90% ethanol (e), water (w) | antifertility | female Wistar rats with normal estrus cycles | 250 and 450 mg/kg bw: ↓ implantation to 78.74% and 85.23% (e); ↓ implantation to 67.22% and 83.66% (w) |
[161] |
N. thorelii root/chloroform | antimalarial | Plasmodium falciparum | Inhibition of growth: IC50 10 µg/mL | [147] |
T. peltatum root (r), stem bark (s)/chloroform | antimalarial | Plasmodium falciparum | Inhibition of growth: IC50 53 ng/mL (r) IC50 76 (s) ng/mL | [148] |
T. peltatum root (r), stem bark (s)/chloroform | antimalarial | Plasmodium berghei | Inhibition of growth: IC50 103 ng/mL (r) IC50 279 ng/mL (s) | [148] |
N. mirabilis/methanol | anti-osteoporotic | RANκL-induced murine bone-marrow macrophages (RAW 264.7) | Inhibition of TRAP expression (↓ osteoclast differentiation) | [141] |
N. bicalcarata/methanol | antidiabetic | diabetic rats | 300 mg/kg bw for 6 week: ↓ blood glucose level | [64] |
N. mirabilis/ethanol (e), water (w) | antidiabetic | enzymatic activity assay |
Inhibition of α-glucosidase: IC50 = 32.7 (e), 3.3 (w) µg/mL and α –amylase: IC50 = 73.6 (e), 296.7 (w) µg/mL | [158] |
CMA—Nω-(carboxymethyl)arginine; CML—Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine, PGF2á—prostaglandin F2á, M3—muscarinic receptors, H1—histamine receptors, TRAP—tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; ↓ decrease; ↑ increase.