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. 2023 Apr 20;62(5):65. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5513

Figure 2.

Figure 2

NEDD8 regulates the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathways related to CRL and MDM2, and it realizes the regulation of proteins by promoting the NF-κB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Hippo-YAP and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. NEDD8 also inhibits MDM2-p53, HIF and other signaling pathways, which in turn affects DNA damage repair, the cell cycle and tumor development. HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; CRL, cullin-ring ligase; EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition; NEDD8, neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 8; NAE, NEDD8-activating enzyme; NEDP1, NEDD8 protease 1; CSN, constitutive photomorphogenesis signalosome; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; VHL, von Hippel-Lindau; Mst1/2, mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1/2; YAP, Yes-associated protein; MDM2, murine double minute 2; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; AKT, protein kinase B; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; LATS1/2, large tumor suppressor homolog 1/2; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; TGFβRII, TGF-β type II receptor.