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. 2023 Apr 28;9:141. doi: 10.1038/s41420-023-01427-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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graphic file with name 41420_2023_1427_Figa_HTML.jpg — A hypothetical model shows that MSI2 binds and activates cap-independent translation of MYC, c-JUN mRNA and HCV through MSI2-binding to Internal Ribosome Entry Sites (IRES) resulting in upregulated MYC, c-JUN and viral protein synthesis and subsequent liver oncogenesis. Inhibitor of the interaction between MYC IRES and MSI2 reduces liver hyperplasia, viral mRNA translation and tumor formation.