Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the subjects with slowly progressive type 1 diabetes (SPIDDM) and non-diabetic controls (non-DC).
| Case subject | Age (years) | Sex | Duration of diabetes (years) | GADAb (U/mL)/ICA (JDF U) | Pancreatic weight (g) | C-peptide (ng/mL) | BMI (kg/m2) | Treatment for diabetes | Non-insulin requiring period (years) | Cause of death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPIDDM | ||||||||||
| SP-1 | 56 | F | 3 | 12.5/5 | 30.0 | 0.50 | 19.7 | Insulin | 1.5 | Gastrointestinal bleeding |
| SP-2 | 58 | F | 21 | 3.4/nd | 20.5 | 1.50 | 19.2 | Insulin | 9.0 | Meningitis |
| SP-3 | 56 | M | 10 | 3.4/nd | 23.0 | 1.80 | 20.2 | Insulin | 9.98 | Gastric cancer |
| SP-4 | 42 | M | 17 | 4.2/nd | 28.0 | 2.80 | 20.4 | Insulin | 12.0 | Esophageal cancer |
| SP-5 | 43 | M | 13 | 4.6/nd | 31.0 | 1.17 | 21.1 | Insulin | 10.0 | Small intestinal cancer |
| SP-6* | 68 | F | 8 | 398.0/10 | 45.0 | 0.02 | 18.2 | Insulin | 1.2 | Chronic renal failure |
| SP-7* | 75 | M | 11 | 12.8/5 | 35.5 | 0.14 | 21.2 | Insulin | 0.8 | Esophageal cancer |
| SP-8 | 87 | M | 14 | 5.8/5 | 18.4 | 0.05 | 24.3 | Insulin | 1.0 | Myocardial infarction |
| SP-9* | 55 | F | 16 | 23.1/nd | 33.0 | 0.10 | 19.1 | Insulin | 10.1 | Chronic renal failure |
| SP-10 | 65 | F | 0.33 | 151/+a | 24.9 | 9 µg/dayb | 26.0 | Insulin | 0.26 | nac |
| SP-11 | 56 | F | 17 | 3.4/5 | 25.9 | 0.50 | 16.9 | Insulin | 5.8 | Cerebral infarction, pneumonia |
| SP-12 | 77 | F | 24 | 3.5/5 | 40.0 | 0.60 | 17.2 | Insulin | 3.5 | Acute respiratory distress |
| Mean ± SD | 62 ± 14 | M/F: 5/7 | 12.0 ± 6.9 | 52.1 ± 116.6/na | 29.9 ± 8.2 | 0.82 ± 0.89 | 20.3 ± 2.7 | 5.4 ± 4.5 | ||
| Range | 42–87 | 0.3–24 | 3.4–398.0/5–10 | 18.4–40.0 | 0.05–2.80 | 17.2–26.0 | 0.3–12.0 | |||
| Non-DC | ||||||||||
| NonDC-1 | 70 | F | – | < 1.5/< 5 | 78.0 | – | nd | – | – | Pneumonia |
| NonDC-2 | 59 | F | – | < 1.5/< 5 | 85.0 | – | nd | – | – | Renal failure |
| NonDC-3 | 65 | F | – | < 1.5/< 5 | 95.1 | – | nd | – | – | Cerebral infarction |
| NonDC-4 | 63 | M | – | < 1.5/< 5 | 63.1 | – | nd | – | – | Acute myocardial infarction |
| NonDC-5 | 64 | M | – | < 1.5/< 5 | 72.5 | – | nd | – | – | Cronic renal failure |
| NonDC-6 | 64 | M | – | < 1.5/< 5 | 80.0 | – | 22.0 | – | – | Pneumonia, Bile dact cancer |
| NonDC-7 | 53 | M | – | < 1.5/< 5 | 78.0 | – | 27.3 | – | – | Bile duct cancer |
| NonDC-8 | 74 | F | – | < 1.5/< 5 | 78.8 | – | 21.6 | – | – | Duodenal gastrinoma |
| NonDC-9 | 82 | M | – | < 1.5/< 5 | nd | – | 20.3 | – | – | Cerebral infarction, Duodenal carcinoma |
| NonDC-10 | 69 | M | – | < 1.5/< 5 | nd | – | 19.4 | – | – | Restroperitoneal tumor |
| NonDC-11 | 66 | F | – | < 1.5/< 5 | nd | – | 22.7 | – | – | Colorectal cancer |
| NonDC-12 | 70 | F | – | < 1.5/< 5 | nd | – | 16.4 | – | – | Bile duct cancer |
| NonDC-13 | 67 | F | – | < 1.5/< 5 | nd | – | 24.2 | – | – | Pneumonia, Duodenal carcinoma |
| NonDC-14 | 63 | M | – | < 1.5/< 5 | nd | – | 20.9 | – | – | Duodenal carcinoma |
| NonDC-15 | 59 | M | – | < 1.5/< 5 | nd | – | 23.7 | – | – | Bile duct cancer |
| NonDC-16 | 67 | F | – | < 1.5/< 5 | nd | – | 18.3 | – | – | Colon cancer |
| NonDC-17 | 72 | M | – | < 1.5/< 5 | nd | – | nd | – | – | Cirrhosis, small intestinal bleeding |
| NonDC-18 | 69 | F | – | < 1.5/< 5 | 74.0 | – | 23.8 | – | – | Bile duct cancer |
| NonDC-19 | 60 | F | – | < 1.5/< 5 | 88.2 | – | nd | – | – | Acute gastric bleeding, Duodenal carcinoma |
| Mean ± SD | 66 ± 6 | M/F: 10/9 | – | < 1.5/< 5 | 79.2 ± 8.8 | – | 21.7 ± 2.9 | – | – | |
| Range | 53–82 | 63.1–95.1 | 16.4–27.3 | |||||||
*The beta cell is completely abolished case.
aPositive for IA-2Ab.
b24-h urine C-peptide (normal 16–120 µg/day).
cBiopsied sample.
nd not detected, na not applicable.